Department of Immunology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0177, Georgia.
Vl. Bakhutashvili Institute of Medical Biotechnology, Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi 0159, Georgia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Mar 14;59(3):566. doi: 10.3390/medicina59030566.
: Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) requires bone remodeling resulting from complex processes of aseptic inflammation. Recent studies have confirmed close interaction between the immune and skeletal systems. In addition, various orthodontic appliances including fixed systems affect the sublingual microbial composition, and the likelihood of developing inflammatory reactions of the gums is high, especially early in the treatment period. It is known that these systems have both positive and negative effects on the humoral and cellular immune responses. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of self-ligating and conventional brackets on the salivary concentrations of cytokines (IL-6, osteoprotegerin (OPG), TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma) and cortisol as a marker of stress. : Forty patients were analyzed at baseline (T0) and 2 months (T2) after fixing self-ligating (Ormco Damond Q) and conventional brackets (Ormco Mini Diamond). Salivary cytokine and cortisol concentrations were evaluated by commercial ELISA kits. : Outcomes of our study showed that after two months of treatment with either of these brackets, IFN-gamma and IL-6 levels did not change. However, TNF-alpha decreased with self-ligating brackets (13.36 to 8.32, = 0.002). The self-ligating bracket system also affects OPG concentration and cortisol levels 2 months after orthodontic activation. The level of OPG in the group of self-ligating brackets decreased significantly (8.55 to 2.72, = 0.003). Cortisol concentration was significantly higher in the self-ligation group (25.72 to 48.45, = 0.001) due to the effect of sustained strength movements. : Thus, the use of self-ligating and conventional brackets has a different effect on the concentration of cortisol and cytokines (OPG and TNF-alpha) in saliva 2 months after their fixation. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to explore why OPG levels are decreased in case of self-ligating cases and how OPG levels are related to clinical improvement.
正畸牙齿移动（OTM）需要骨重塑，这是由无菌炎症的复杂过程引起的。最近的研究证实了免疫系统和骨骼系统之间的密切相互作用。此外，各种正畸矫治器，包括固定系统，会影响舌下微生物组成，而且发生牙龈炎症反应的可能性很高，尤其是在治疗早期。已知这些系统对体液和细胞免疫反应既有积极影响，也有消极影响。本研究的主要目的是评估自锁和传统托槽对唾液中细胞因子（IL-6、护骨素（OPG）、TNF-α和 IFN-γ）和皮质醇（作为应激标志物）浓度的影响。
分析了 40 名患者在固定自锁（Ormco Damond Q）和传统托槽（Ormco Mini Diamond）后的基线（T0）和 2 个月（T2）时的情况。通过商业 ELISA 试剂盒评估唾液细胞因子和皮质醇浓度。
我们的研究结果表明，在使用这两种托槽治疗两个月后，IFN-γ和 IL-6 水平没有变化。然而，使用自锁托槽时，TNF-α水平下降（从 13.36 降至 8.32， = 0.002）。自锁托槽系统在正畸激活后 2 个月还会影响 OPG 浓度和皮质醇水平。自锁托槽组 OPG 水平显著降低（从 8.55 降至 2.72， = 0.003）。由于持续强度运动的影响，自锁组的皮质醇浓度显著升高（从 25.72 增至 48.45， = 0.001）。
因此，自锁和传统托槽在固定后 2 个月对唾液中皮质醇和细胞因子（OPG 和 TNF-α）的浓度有不同的影响。需要进一步的纵向研究来探讨为什么自锁病例中 OPG 水平降低，以及 OPG 水平与临床改善的关系。
