Research Chair for Evidence-Based Health Care and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, P.O. Box 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2023 Mar 21;59(3):623. doi: 10.3390/medicina59030623.
: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death in women. Along with the effect of age on the risk of CVD, the reproductive profile of women can influence cardiac health among women. : The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of age and reproductive stages on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease risks in Saudi women. : For this study, we included 1907 Saudi women from the Heart Health Promotion Study. The study cohort was divided into five age groups (less than 40 years, 40-45 years, 46-50 years, 51-55 years, and ≥56 years). The cohort stratification was meant to correspond to the social and hormonal changes in women's life, including reproductive, perimenopausal, menopausal, and postmenopausal age groups. The groups were compared with respect to the prevalence of metabolic, socioeconomic, and cardiac risks, and the age group of less than 40 years was considered as the reference group. The World Health Organization stepwise approach to chronic disease risk factor Surveillance-Instrument v2.1 was used in this study to collect the anthropometric and biochemical measurements and the Framingham Coronary Heart Risk Score was used to calculate the cardiovascular risk (CVR). Logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the independent effect of age on CVD risks after adjustment of sociodemographic factors. : Metabolic and CVR increased progressively with the increase in age. There was a sharp increase in obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome, from the age group <40 years to 41-45 years and then again between the age groups of 46-50 and ≥56 years. A similar noticeable increase in metabolic risk factors (high cholesterol, high triglyceride, high Low-Density Lipoprotein) was observed between the age group <40 years and 41-45 years, but with a steady increase with the increase in age between the other age groups. The high and intermediate Framingham Coronary Heart Risk Scores showed a progressive increase in prevalence with the increase in age, where the proportion doubled from 9.4% at the age group 46-50 years, to 22% at the age group 51-55 years. It doubled again at the age group ≥56 years to 53%-these sharp inflections in the risk of CVD correspond to the women's reproductive lives. : In Saudi women, CVR increases with the increase of age. The influence of pregnancy and menopause is apparent in the prevalence of increased risks for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
心血管疾病（CVD）仍然是女性死亡的主要原因。除了年龄对 CVD 风险的影响外，女性的生殖状况也会影响女性的心脏健康。
本研究旨在探讨年龄和生殖阶段对沙特女性心血管疾病风险发展和进展的影响。
在这项研究中，我们纳入了来自心脏健康促进研究的 1907 名沙特女性。研究队列分为五个年龄组（<40 岁、40-45 岁、46-50 岁、51-55 岁和≥56 岁）。队列分层旨在对应女性生活中的社会和激素变化，包括生殖、围绝经期、绝经和绝经后年龄组。将这些组与代谢、社会经济和心脏风险的患病率进行比较，<40 岁的年龄组被视为参考组。本研究使用世界卫生组织慢性病危险因素监测工具 v2.1 收集人体测量和生化测量数据，并使用弗雷明汉冠心病风险评分计算心血管风险（CVR）。进行逻辑回归分析，以评估在调整社会人口因素后年龄对 CVD 风险的独立影响。
代谢和 CVR 随着年龄的增加而逐渐增加。肥胖、高血压、糖尿病和代谢综合征从<40 岁年龄组到 41-45 岁年龄组急剧增加，然后在 46-50 岁和≥56 岁年龄组之间再次增加。在<40 岁年龄组和 41-45 岁年龄组之间，代谢风险因素（高胆固醇、高甘油三酯、低高密度脂蛋白）也观察到类似的显著增加，但在其他年龄组之间随着年龄的增加而稳定增加。高和中危弗雷明汉冠心病风险评分的患病率随着年龄的增加而逐渐增加，其中 46-50 岁年龄组的比例从 9.4%增加到 51-55 岁年龄组的 22%，然后在≥56 岁年龄组再次增加一倍，达到 53%-这些 CVD 风险的急剧上升与女性的生殖生活相对应。
在沙特女性中，CVR 随着年龄的增加而增加。妊娠和绝经对心血管和代谢疾病风险增加的影响是明显的。
