Khatri Muzamil, Francis Lijo, Hilal Nidal
NYUAD Water Research Center, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 129188, United Arab Emirates.
Membranes (Basel). 2023 Mar 14;13(3):338. doi: 10.3390/membranes13030338.
Obtaining fresh drinking water is a challenge directly related to the change in agricultural, industrial, and societal demands and pressure. Therefore, the sustainable treatment of saline water to get clean water is a major requirement for human survival. In this review, we have detailed the use of electrospun nanofiber-based membranes (ENMs) for water reclamation improvements with respect to physical and chemical modifications. Although membrane distillation (MD) has been considered a low-cost water reclamation process, especially with the availability of low-grade waste heat sources, significant improvements are still required in terms of preparing efficient membranes with enhanced water flux, anti-fouling, and anti-scaling characteristics. In particular, different types of nanomaterials have been explored as guest molecules for electrospinning with different polymers. Nanomaterials such as metallic organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, dioxides, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), etc., have opened unprecedented perspectives for the implementation of the MD process. The integration of nanofillers gives appropriate characteristics to the MD membranes by changing their chemical and physical properties, which significantly enhances energy efficiency without impacting the economic costs. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art status, the opportunities, open challenges, and pitfalls of the emerging field of modified ENMs using different nanomaterials for desalination applications.
获取新鲜饮用水是一项与农业、工业及社会需求和压力变化直接相关的挑战。因此，对咸水进行可持续处理以获取清洁水是人类生存的一项主要需求。在本综述中，我们详细阐述了基于电纺纳米纤维的膜（ENMs）在通过物理和化学改性改善水回收方面的应用。尽管膜蒸馏（MD）被认为是一种低成本的水回收工艺，特别是在有低品位废热资源可用的情况下，但在制备具有更高水通量、抗污染和抗结垢特性的高效膜方面仍需要显著改进。特别是，已探索了不同类型的纳米材料作为与不同聚合物进行静电纺丝的客体分子。金属有机框架（MOFs）、沸石、二氧化物、碳纳米管（CNTs）等纳米材料为膜蒸馏工艺的实施开辟了前所未有的前景。纳米填料的整合通过改变MD膜的化学和物理性质赋予其适当的特性，这在不影响经济成本的情况下显著提高了能源效率。在此，我们全面概述了使用不同纳米材料进行脱盐应用的改性ENMs新兴领域的最新状况、机遇、开放挑战和陷阱。
