Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, China.
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, China.
Molecules. 2023 Mar 8;28(6):2483. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062483.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, autoimmune dysfunction, and cartilage and bone destruction. In this review, we summarized the available reports on the protective effects of polysaccharides (GLP) on RA in terms of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic and osteoprotective effects. Firstly, GLP inhibits RA synovial fibroblast (RASF) proliferation and migration, modulates pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and reduces synovial inflammation. Secondly, GLP regulates the proliferation and differentiation of antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells, inhibits phagocytosis by mononuclear macrophages and nature killer (NK) cells and regulates the ratio of M1, M2 and related inflammatory cytokines. In addition, GLP produced activities in balancing humoral and cellular immunity, such as regulating immunoglobulin production, modulating T and B lymphocyte proliferative responses and cytokine release, exhibiting immunomodulatory effects. Thirdly, GLP inhibits angiogenesis through the direct inhibition of vascular endothelial cell proliferation and induction of cell death and the indirect inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production in the cells. Finally, GLP can inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases and promote osteoblast formation, exerting protective effects on bone and articular cartilage. It is suggested that GLP may be a promising agent for the treatment of RA.
类风湿关节炎（RA）是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，其特征为炎症、自身免疫功能障碍、软骨和骨破坏。在这篇综述中，我们根据抗炎、免疫调节、抗血管生成和护骨作用，总结了多糖（GLP）对 RA 的保护作用的现有报告。首先，GLP 抑制 RA 滑膜成纤维细胞（RASF）增殖和迁移，调节促炎和抗炎细胞因子，减轻滑膜炎症。其次，GLP 调节树突状细胞等抗原呈递细胞的增殖和分化，抑制单核巨噬细胞和自然杀伤（NK）细胞的吞噬作用，并调节 M1、M2 及其相关炎症细胞因子的比例。此外，GLP 通过平衡体液和细胞免疫产生活性，如调节免疫球蛋白产生、调节 T 和 B 淋巴细胞的增殖反应和细胞因子释放，发挥免疫调节作用。第三，GLP 通过直接抑制血管内皮细胞增殖和诱导细胞死亡以及间接抑制细胞中血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）的产生来抑制血管生成。最后，GLP 可以抑制基质金属蛋白酶的产生，促进成骨细胞的形成，对骨骼和关节软骨发挥保护作用。提示 GLP 可能是治疗 RA 的一种有前途的药物。
