Petroleum Engineering Technology Research Institute of Shengli Oilfield, SINOPEC, Dongying 257000, China.
Shengli Oilfield Shengli Chemicals Co., Ltd., Dongying 257055, China.
Molecules. 2023 Mar 16;28(6):2698. doi: 10.3390/molecules28062698.
The hydrophobically associating polyacrylamide (HAPAM) is an important kind of water-soluble polymer, which is widely used as a rheology modifier in many fields. However, HAPAM products prepared in a traditional method show disadvantages including poor water solubility and the need for hydrocarbon solvents and appropriate surfactants, which lead to environmental pollution and increased costs. To solve these problems, we reported a novel kind of HAPAM "water-in-water" (/) emulsion and its solution properties. In this work, a series of cationic hydrophobic monomers with different alkyl chain lengths were synthesized and characterized. Then, HAPAM / emulsions were prepared by the aqueous dispersion polymerization of acrylamide, 2-methylacryloylxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride and a hydrophobic monomer. All these emulsions can be stored more than 6 months, showing excellent stability. An optical microscopy observation showed that the particle morphology and the particle size of the HAPAM emulsion were more regular and bigger than the emulsion without the hydrophobic monomer. The solubility tests showed that such HAPAM / emulsions have excellent solubility, which took no more than 180 s to dilute and achieve a homogeneous and clear solution. The rheology measurements showed that the HAPAM association increases with a hydrophobe concentration or the length of hydrophobic alkyl chains, resulting in better shear and temperature resistances. The total reduced viscosity was 124.42 mPa·s for cw101, 69.81 mPa·s for cw6-1, 55.38 mPa·s for cw8-0.25, 48.95 mPa·s for cw12-0.25 and 28 mPa·s for cw16-0.25 when the temperature increased from 30 °C to 90 °C. The cw8-2.0 that contains a 2 mol% hydrophobe monomer has the lowest value at 19.12 mPa·s due to the best association. Based on the excellent stability, solubility and rheological properties, we believe that these HAPAM / emulsions could find widespread applications.
疏水缔合聚丙烯酰胺（HAPAM）是一种重要的水溶性聚合物，作为流变改性剂广泛应用于许多领域。然而，传统方法制备的 HAPAM 产品存在水溶性差、需要烃类溶剂和合适的表面活性剂等缺点，导致环境污染和成本增加。为了解决这些问题，我们报道了一种新型 HAPAM“水包水”（/）乳液及其溶液性质。在这项工作中，合成并表征了一系列具有不同烷基链长的阳离子疏水单体。然后，通过丙烯酰胺、2-甲基丙烯酰氧基乙基三甲基氯化铵和疏水单体的水溶液分散聚合制备了 HAPAM /乳液。所有这些乳液都可以储存超过 6 个月，表现出优异的稳定性。光学显微镜观察表明，HAPAM 乳液的颗粒形态和粒径比没有疏水单体的乳液更规则、更大。溶解度测试表明，这种 HAPAM /乳液具有优异的溶解度，稀释时间不超过 180s 即可达到均匀透明的溶液。流变学测量表明，随着疏水浓度或疏水烷基链长度的增加，HAPAM 缔合增加，具有更好的抗剪切和耐高温性能。当温度从 30°C 升高到 90°C 时，cw101 的总表观黏度为 124.42 mPa·s，cw6-1 为 69.81 mPa·s，cw8-0.25 为 55.38 mPa·s，cw12-0.25 为 48.95 mPa·s，cw16-0.25 为 28 mPa·s。当含有 2 mol%疏水单体的 cw8-2.0 时，缔合程度最好，表观黏度最低，为 19.12 mPa·s。基于优异的稳定性、溶解度和流变性能，我们相信这些 HAPAM /乳液将有广泛的应用。
