A Qualitative Study to Compare Barriers to Improving Food Security among Households with Young Children in the U.S. as Perceived by Different Types of Stakeholders before and during COVID-19.

This qualitative study aimed to determine the perceived barriers of different community stakeholders' to providing resources for improving food security in households with young children in the U.S. Community stakeholders working with low-income families with children 0-3 years of age in Florida were recruited to represent healthcare ( = 7), community/policy development ( = 6), emergency food assistance ( = 6), early childhood education ( = 7), and nutrition education ( = 6) sectors. In 2020, one-on-one interviews were conducted with each stakeholder in via Zoom, using an interview script based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model and questions to capture the impacts of COVID-19. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a deductive thematic approach. A cross-tab qualitative analysis was used to compare data across categories of stakeholders. Healthcare professionals and nutrition educators indicated stigma, community/policy development stakeholders indicated a lack of time, emergency food assistance personnel indicated a limited access to food, and early childhood professionals indicated a lack of transportation as the main barriers to food security prior to COVID-19. COVID-19 impacts included the fear of virus exposure, new restrictions, lack of volunteers, and a lack of interest in virtual programming as barriers to food security. As perceived barriers may vary with respect to providing resources to improve food security in families with young children and the COVID-19 impacts persist, coordinated policy, systems, and environmental changes are needed.