Malik Sunny, Maurya Ankita, Khare Sunil Kumar, Srivastava Kinshuk Raj
Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad 121002, Haryana, India.
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi 110016, Delhi, India.
Polymers (Basel). 2023 Mar 20;15(6):1540. doi: 10.3390/polym15061540.
Plastic materials are recalcitrant in the open environment, surviving for longer without complete remediation. The current disposal methods of used plastic material are inefficient; consequently, plastic wastes are infiltrating the natural resources of the biosphere. The mixed composition of urban domestic waste with different plastic types makes them unfavorable for recycling; however, natural assimilation in situ is still an option to explore. In this research work, we have utilized previously published reports on the biodegradation of various plastics types and analyzed the pattern of microbial degradation. Our results demonstrate that the biodegradation of plastic material follows the chemical classification of plastic types based on their main molecular backbone. The clustering analysis of various plastic types based on their biodegradation reports has grouped them into two broad categories of C-C (non-hydrolyzable) and C-X (hydrolyzable). The C-C and C-X groups show a statistically significant difference in their biodegradation pattern at the genus level. The class of bacteria is found to be reported more often in the C-C category, which is challenging to degrade compared to C-X. Genus enrichment analysis suggests that and from bacteria and and from fungi are potential genera for the bioremediation of mixed plastic waste. The lack of uniformity in reporting the results of microbial degradation of plastic also needs to be addressed to enable productive growth in the field. Overall, the result points towards the feasibility of a microbial-based biodegradation solution for mixed plastic waste.
塑料材料在开放环境中具有顽固性，在没有完全修复的情况下能存活更长时间。目前废旧塑料材料的处置方法效率低下；因此，塑料废物正在渗透到生物圈的自然资源中。城市生活垃圾与不同类型塑料的混合成分使其不利于回收利用；然而，原地自然同化仍是一个有待探索的选择。在这项研究工作中，我们利用了先前发表的关于各种塑料类型生物降解的报告，并分析了微生物降解模式。我们的结果表明，塑料材料的生物降解遵循基于其主要分子主链的塑料类型化学分类。基于各种塑料类型生物降解报告的聚类分析将它们分为C-C（不可水解）和C-X（可水解）两大类。C-C和C-X组在属水平上的生物降解模式存在统计学上的显著差异。在C-C类别中发现的细菌种类报告得更多，与C-X相比，C-C更难降解。属富集分析表明，细菌中的 和 以及真菌中的 和 是混合塑料废物生物修复的潜在属。为了在该领域实现有效发展，还需要解决塑料微生物降解结果报告缺乏一致性的问题。总体而言，结果表明基于微生物的混合塑料废物生物降解解决方案具有可行性。
