Department of Mathematics, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325.
Department of Mathematics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
Mol Biol Cell. 2023 May 15;34(6):ar62. doi: 10.1091/mbc.E22-10-0494. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
Mammalian cell migration in open spaces requires F-actin polymerization and myosin contraction. While many studies have focused on myosin's coupling to focal adhesion and stress fibers, the indirect effect of myosin contraction on cell migration through actin depolymerization is not well studied. In this work, we quantified how cell velocity and effective power output are influenced by the rate of actin depolymerization, which is affected by myosin contraction. In addition, we derived scaling laws to provide physical insights into cell migration. Model analysis shows that the cell migration velocity displays a biphasic dependence on the rate of actin depolymerization and myosin contraction. Our model further predicts that the effective cell energy output depends not only on the cell velocity but also on myosin contractility. The work has implications on in vivo processes such as immune response and cancer metastasis, where cells overcome barriers imposed by the physical environment.
哺乳动物细胞在开阔空间中的迁移需要肌动蛋白聚合和肌球蛋白收缩。虽然许多研究都集中在肌球蛋白与黏着斑和应力纤维的偶联上，但肌球蛋白收缩通过肌动蛋白解聚对细胞迁移的间接影响还没有得到很好的研究。在这项工作中，我们量化了肌动蛋白解聚率如何影响细胞速度和有效功率输出，而肌动蛋白解聚率又受到肌球蛋白收缩的影响。此外，我们还推导出了标度律，为细胞迁移提供了物理见解。模型分析表明，细胞迁移速度与肌动蛋白解聚和肌球蛋白收缩的速度呈双相依赖性。我们的模型进一步预测，有效的细胞能量输出不仅取决于细胞速度，还取决于肌球蛋白的收缩性。这项工作对免疫反应和癌症转移等体内过程具有重要意义，因为细胞需要克服物理环境施加的障碍。
