Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Institute of Mental Health Research, Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada.
Psychiatry Res. 2023 May;323:115173. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115173. Epub 2023 Mar 21.
Social-cognitive deficits are present in individuals at familial high-risk (FHR) for schizophrenia and may play a role in the onset of the illness. No literature review has examined the social-cognitive profiles of youth at FHR who are within the peak window of risk for developing schizophrenia, which could provide insight on the endophenotypic role of social cognition. This systematic scoping review (1) summarizes the evidence on social-cognitive deficits in youth at FHR, (2) explores brain correlates, and (3) describes social-cognitive deficits and prodromal symptom associations. We searched PsycInfo and PubMed for studies investigating social cognition in FHR youth aged 35 or younger and included 19 studies (FHR=639; controls=689). Studies report that youth at FHR have difficulty recognizing negative emotions, particularly fear. Youth at FHR also have difficulty performing complex theory of mind tasks. Abnormality in corticolimbic and temporoparietal regions are observed in youth at FHR during social-cognitive tasks, but results are inconsistent. Finally, there is evidence for negative associations between prodromal symptoms and performance on emotion regulation and theory of mind tasks, but the research is scarce. This review highlights the need for studies on youth at FHR using longitudinal designs and extensive social-cognitive, brain imaging and clinical measures.
社交认知缺陷存在于有精神分裂症家族遗传风险的个体中，可能在疾病的发作中起作用。目前尚无文献综述检查处于精神分裂症发病风险高峰期的高风险家族青少年的社交认知特征，这可能为社交认知的内表型作用提供一些见解。本系统范围界定综述（1）总结了有高遗传风险的青少年社交认知缺陷的证据，（2）探讨了大脑相关性，（3）描述了社交认知缺陷和前驱症状的关联。我们在 PsycInfo 和 PubMed 上搜索了研究有高遗传风险的 35 岁及以下青少年社交认知的研究，纳入了 19 项研究（高遗传风险组=639 人；对照组=689 人）。研究报告称，有高遗传风险的青少年在识别负面情绪，特别是恐惧方面存在困难。有高遗传风险的青少年在执行复杂的心理理论任务时也存在困难。在进行社交认知任务时，有高遗传风险的青少年的皮质边缘和颞顶叶区域存在异常，但结果不一致。最后，有证据表明前驱症状与情绪调节和心理理论任务的表现之间存在负相关，但研究较少。本综述强调了需要对使用纵向设计和广泛的社交认知、大脑成像和临床测量的高遗传风险青少年进行研究。
