Guzzardi Maria Angela, La Rosa Federica, Iozzo Patricia
Institute of Clinical Physiology (IFC), the National Research Council (CNR), via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2023 Jun;149:105143. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105143. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a main public health concern, with increasing prevalence and growingly premature onset in children, in spite of emerging and successful therapeutic options. T2DM promotes brain aging, and younger age at onset is associated with a higher risk of subsequent dementia. Preventive strategies should address predisposing conditions, like obesity and metabolic syndrome, and be started from very early and even prenatal life. Gut microbiota is an emerging target in obesity, diabetes and neurocognitive diseases, which could be safely modulated since pregnancy and infancy. Many correlative studies have supported its involvement in disease pathophysiology. Faecal material transplantation (FMT) studies have been conducted in clinical and preclinical settings to deliver cause-effect proof and mechanistic insights. This review provides a comprehensive overview of studies in which FMT was used to cure or cause obesity, metabolic syndrome, T2DM, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease, including the evidence available in early life. Findings were analysed to dissect consolidated from controversial results, highlighting gaps and possible future directions.
2型糖尿病（T2DM）是一个主要的公共卫生问题，尽管出现了成功的治疗方案，但其在儿童中的患病率仍在上升且发病越来越早。T2DM会促进大脑衰老，发病年龄越小，随后患痴呆症的风险越高。预防策略应针对肥胖和代谢综合征等易感因素，并且应从很早甚至产前就开始。肠道微生物群是肥胖、糖尿病和神经认知疾病中一个新出现的靶点，从怀孕和婴儿期开始就可以对其进行安全调节。许多相关性研究都支持其参与疾病的病理生理过程。已经在临床和临床前环境中开展了粪便微生物群移植（FMT）研究，以提供因果证据和机制性见解。本综述全面概述了使用FMT治疗或引发肥胖、代谢综合征、T2DM、认知衰退和阿尔茨海默病的研究，包括早期生活中的现有证据。对研究结果进行了分析，以区分确凿结果和有争议的结果，突出差距和可能的未来方向。
