Whittle Leah, Chapman Rosamund, Williamson Anna-Lise
Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 2;11(3):578. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030578.
Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) is a member of the Capripoxvirus genus, mainly infecting cattle and buffalo, which until relatively recently was only endemic in parts of Africa and then spread to the Middle East and lately Europe and Asia. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a notifiable disease with a serious impact on the beef industry as it causes mortality of up to 10% and has impacts on milk and meat production, as well as fertility. The close serological relationship between LSDV, goat poxvirus (GTPV) and sheep poxvirus (SPPV) has led to live attenuated GTPV and SPPV vaccines being used to protect against LSD in some countries. There is evidence that the SPPV vaccine does not protect from LSD as well as the GTPV and LSDV vaccines. One of the LSD vaccines used in Eastern Europe was found to be a combination of different Capripoxviruses, and a series of recombination events in the manufacturing process resulted in cattle being vaccinated with a range of recombinant LSDVs resulting in virulent LSDV which spread throughout Asia. It is likely that LSD will become endemic throughout Asia as it will be very challenging to control the spread of the virus without widespread vaccination.
结节性皮肤病病毒（LSDV）是山羊痘病毒属的成员，主要感染牛和水牛，直到最近，它仅在非洲部分地区流行，随后传播到中东，最近又传播到欧洲和亚洲。结节性皮肤病（LSD）是一种应通报的疾病，对牛肉行业有严重影响，因为它可导致高达10%的死亡率，并对牛奶和肉类生产以及繁殖力产生影响。LSDV、山羊痘病毒（GTPV）和绵羊痘病毒（SPPV）之间密切的血清学关系导致一些国家使用减毒活GTPV和SPPV疫苗来预防LSD。有证据表明，SPPV疫苗对LSD的预防效果不如GTPV和LSDV疫苗。东欧使用的一种LSD疫苗被发现是不同山羊痘病毒的组合，生产过程中的一系列重组事件导致牛接种了一系列重组LSDV，从而产生了在亚洲传播的强毒LSDV。由于在没有广泛接种疫苗的情况下控制病毒传播将极具挑战性，LSD很可能会在整个亚洲流行。
