Ferrara Michela, Bertozzi Giuseppe, Volonnino Gianpietro, Di Fazio Aldo, Di Fazio Nicola, Arcangeli Mauro, La Russa Raffaele, Frati Paola
Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Pathology, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 12;11(3):630. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030630.
WHO identifies vaccine hesitancy (VH) as one of the ten threats to global health. The authors bring to the international scientific community an Italian episode that offers the opportunity to renew the discussion on the extent of the VH matter. The purpose of this systematic review is to analyze the factors determining vaccine hesitancy in the Italian population, to understand its roots, and suggest potential strategies to mitigate it. A systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines was carried out using the SCOPUS and Medline (via PubMed) databases, using the following strategy: (COVID-19 vaccines) AND (vaccination hesitancy) AND (Italy). After the selection process, 36 articles were included in this systematic review. The most frequently detected factors associated with VH in the Italian population can be grouped as vaccine-related factors, socio-cultural factors, and demographic factors. Currently, we are facing a gap between the population and science, governments, and institutions. To heal this breach, it is necessary to strengthen the trust of the population through the implementation of health communication and public education strategies, while scientific literacy must continue to support families and individuals in discerning evidence from opinions to recognize the real risks and balance them with the benefits.
世界卫生组织将疫苗犹豫（VH）确定为对全球健康的十大威胁之一。作者向国际科学界介绍了一个意大利事件，该事件为重新讨论疫苗犹豫问题的程度提供了契机。本系统评价的目的是分析决定意大利人群疫苗犹豫的因素，了解其根源，并提出缓解这一问题的潜在策略。根据PRISMA指南，使用SCOPUS和Medline（通过PubMed）数据库对文献进行了系统评价，采用以下策略：（新冠疫苗）AND（疫苗犹豫）AND（意大利）。经过筛选过程，36篇文章被纳入本系统评价。在意大利人群中，最常检测到的与疫苗犹豫相关的因素可分为疫苗相关因素、社会文化因素和人口因素。目前，我们正面临着民众与科学、政府和机构之间的差距。为弥合这一差距，有必要通过实施健康传播和公共教育策略来增强民众的信任，同时科学素养必须继续支持家庭和个人辨别证据与观点，以认识到真正的风险并权衡其与益处。
