Penlington Michael, Nicolay Uwe, Galgani Ilaria
GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals S.A., Avenue Fleming 20, 1300 Wavre, Belgium.
GSK Vaccines GmbH, Emil-von-Behring-Straße 76, 35041 Marburg, Germany.
Vaccines (Basel). 2023 Mar 14;11(3):648. doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030648.
Globally, >80 million new gonorrhea infections occur annually. Here, we assessed barriers to and influences on participation in a gonorrhea clinical trial and the impact of educational intervention. The survey was fielded in the US in March 2022. Higher enrollment of Black/African Americans and younger individuals than represented in the US demographic distribution reflected the higher incidence of gonorrhea in these groups. Behavioral characteristics and baseline attitudes toward vaccination were collected. Participants were probed on their knowledge of and likelihood to enroll in general and gonorrhea vaccine trials. Participants hesitant to enroll in a gonorrhea vaccine trial were given nine bullets of basic facts about the disease and asked again to rank their likelihood to enroll. Overall, 450 individuals completed the survey. Fewer participants were willing (quite/very likely) to join a gonorrhea versus a general vaccine trial (38.2% [172/450] vs. 57.8% [260/450]). The likelihood to enroll in any vaccine trial or a gonorrhea vaccine trial was greater with higher self-declared knowledge (Spearman's ρ = 0.277 [ < 0.001] and 0.316 [ < 0.001], respectively) and baseline openness towards vaccination ( < 0.001 for both). Self-declared awareness of gonorrhea was associated with age ( = 0.001), education ( = 0.031), and ethnicity/race ( = 0.002), with older, more educated, and Black/African Americans having higher awareness. Males ( = 0.001) and those with more sexual partners ( < 0.001) were more likely to enroll in a gonorrhea vaccine trial. Educational intervention had a significant ( < 0.001) impact on hesitancy. Improvement in willingness to enroll in a gonorrhea vaccine trial was greatest in those initially marginally hesitant and lowest in those initially strongly hesitant. Basic educational intervention has the potential to improve recruitment into gonorrhea vaccine trials.
全球范围内，每年新增淋病感染病例超过8000万例。在此，我们评估了参与淋病临床试验的障碍和影响因素以及教育干预的效果。该调查于2022年3月在美国开展。与美国人口分布情况相比，黑人/非裔美国人以及年轻人在试验中的登记人数更多，这反映出这些群体中淋病发病率较高。我们收集了参与者的行为特征以及对疫苗接种的基线态度。询问了参与者对一般疫苗试验和淋病疫苗试验的了解程度以及参与的可能性。对那些对参与淋病疫苗试验犹豫不决的参与者，提供了九条关于该疾病的基本信息，然后再次询问他们参与试验的可能性。总体而言，450人完成了调查。与参与一般疫苗试验相比，愿意（非常/极其可能）参与淋病疫苗试验的参与者更少（38.2%[172/450]对57.8%[260/450]）。自我宣称知识水平越高，参与任何疫苗试验或淋病疫苗试验的可能性就越大（斯皮尔曼相关系数分别为0.277[<0.001]和0.316[<0.001]）以及对疫苗接种的基线接受程度越高（两者均<0.001）。自我宣称的淋病知晓度与年龄（=0.001）、教育程度（=0.031）和种族/民族（=0.002）相关，年龄较大、受教育程度较高的黑人/非裔美国人知晓度更高。男性（=0.001）以及性伴侣较多的人（<0.001）更有可能参与淋病疫苗试验。教育干预对犹豫程度有显著影响（<0.001）。最初稍有犹豫的人参与淋病疫苗试验的意愿改善最大，而最初强烈犹豫的人改善最小。基础的教育干预有可能改善淋病疫苗试验的招募情况。
