Plant Virus and Vector Interactions-Centre for Plant Virus Research, Crop Research Institute, Drnovská 507, 161 06 Prague, Czech Republic.
Agriculture, Health and Environment Department, Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Medway Campus, Chatham, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
Viruses. 2023 Mar 9;15(3):716. doi: 10.3390/v15030716.
Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) are one of the most widespread and economically important plant viruses affecting many cereal crops. Growing resistant varieties remains the most promising approach to reduce the impact of BYDVs. A Recent RNA sequencing analysis has revealed potential genes that respond to BYDV infection in resistant barley genotypes. Together with a comprehensive review of the current knowledge on disease resistance in plants, we selected nine putative barley and wheat genes to investigate their involvement in resistance to BYDV-PAV infection. The target classes of genes were (i) nucleotide binding site (NBS) leucine-rich repeat (LRR), (ii) coiled-coil nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR), (iii) LRR receptor-like kinase (RLK), (iv) casein kinase, (v) protein kinase, (vi) protein phosphatase subunits and the transcription factors (TF) (vii) MYB TF, (viii) GRAS (gibberellic acid-insensitive (GAI), repressor of GAI (RGA) and scarecrow (SCR)), and (ix) the MADS-box TF family. Expression of genes was analysed for six genotypes with different levels of resistance. As in previous reports, the highest BYDV-PAV titre was found in the susceptible genotypes Graciosa in barley and Semper and SGS 27-02 in wheat, which contrast with the resistant genotypes PRS-3628 and Wysor of wheat and barley, respectively. Statistically significant changes in wheat show up-regulation of , and in the susceptible genotypes and down-regulation in the resistant genotypes in response to BYDV-PAV. Similar up-regulation of , , and in response to BYDV-PAV was also observed in the susceptible barley genotypes. However, no significant changes in the expression of these genes were generally observed in the resistant barley genotypes, except for the down-regulation of . and were up-regulated early, 10 days after inoculation (dai) in the susceptible wheat genotypes, while the latter was down-regulated at 30 dai in resistant genotypes. was down-regulated both earlier (10 dai) and later (30 dai) in the susceptible wheat genotypes, but only in the later dai in the resistant genotypes. In contrast, and were up-regulated in the susceptible wheat genotypes while no significant differences in expression was observed. , (30 dai), and (10 dai) were all up-regulated in the susceptible barley genotypes. However, no significant differences were found between the resistant and susceptible barley genotypes for the and genes. Overall, our results showed a clear differentiation of gene expression patterns in both resistant and susceptible genotypes of wheat and barley. Therefore, further research on and can lead to BYDV-PAV resistance in cereals.
大麦黄花叶病毒（BYDVs）是影响多种谷类作物的分布最广且经济上最重要的植物病毒之一。培育抗性品种仍然是减轻 BYDV 影响最有前途的方法。最近的 RNA 测序分析揭示了对抗性大麦基因型中 BYDV 感染有反应的潜在基因。结合对植物抗病性的现有知识的全面综述，我们选择了九个假定的大麦和小麦基因，以研究它们在抗 BYDV-PAV 感染中的参与。目标基因类别为（i）核苷酸结合位点（NBS）富含亮氨酸重复（LRR），（ii）卷曲螺旋核苷酸结合亮氨酸重复（CC-NB-LRR），（iii）LRR 受体样激酶（RLK），（iv）酪蛋白激酶，（v）蛋白激酶，（vi）蛋白磷酸酶亚基和转录因子（TF）（vii）MYB TF，（viii）GRAS（赤霉素不敏感（GAI），GAI 抑制剂（RGA）和稻草人（SCR））和（ix）MADS 盒 TF 家族。针对不同抗性水平的六个基因型分析了基因的表达。与先前的报告一致，易感基因型大麦中的 Graciosa 和小麦中的 Semper 和 SGS 27-02 中发现了最高的 BYDV-PAV 滴度，而分别在抗性基因型 PRS-3628 和 Wysor 的小麦和大麦中则相反。小麦中的统计显着变化表明，在易感基因型中， 和 上调，而在抗性基因型中下调，以响应 BYDV-PAV。对易感大麦基因型也观察到类似的 BYDV-PAV 响应下 、 、 和 的上调。然而，除了下调 外，一般未观察到抗性大麦基因型中这些基因的表达有显着变化。和 在上感小麦基因型中早期上调，接种后 10 天（dai），而后者在抗性基因型中在 30 dai 下调。在易感小麦基因型中， 既在早期（10 dai）又在晚期（30 dai）下调，但仅在抗性基因型中在晚期下调。相反， 和 在易感小麦基因型中上调，而 表达无显着差异。 、 （30 dai）、 和 （10 dai）在易感大麦基因型中均上调。然而，在抗性和易感大麦基因型之间， 基因没有发现显着差异。总体而言，我们的结果显示了小麦和大麦的抗性和易感基因型中基因表达模式的明显分化。因此，对 和 进行进一步研究可以导致抗 BYDV-PAV 在谷类作物中。
