Rupawate Pravara S, Roylawar Praveen, Khandagale Kiran, Gawande Suresh, Ade Avinash B, Jaiswal Durgesh Kumar, Borgave Seema
Department of Zoology, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India.
Department of Botany, Sangamner Nagarpalika Arts, D. J. Malpani Commerce and B. N. Sarda Science College (Autonomous), Sangamner, Maharashtra, India.
Front Microbiol. 2023 Mar 13;14:1146390. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1146390. eCollection 2023.
Insects possess beneficial and nuisance values in the context of the agricultural sector and human life around them. An ensemble of gut symbionts assists insects to adapt to diverse and extreme environments and to occupy every available niche on earth. Microbial symbiosis helps host insects by supplementing necessary diet elements, providing protection from predators and parasitoids through camouflage, modulation of signaling pathway to attain homeostasis and to trigger immunity against pathogens, hijacking plant pathways to circumvent plant defence, acquiring the capability to degrade chemical pesticides, and degradation of harmful pesticides. Therefore, a microbial protection strategy can lead to overpopulation of insect pests, which can drastically reduce crop yield. Some studies have demonstrated increased insect mortality the destruction of insect gut symbionts; through the use of antibiotics. The review summarizes various roles played by the gut microbiota of insect pests and some studies that have been conducted on pest control by targeting the symbionts. Manipulation or exploitation of the gut symbionts alters the growth and population of the host insects and is consequently a potential target for the development of better pest control strategies. Methods such as modulation of gut symbionts CRISPR/Cas9, RNAi and the combining of IIT and SIT to increase the insect mortality are further discussed. In the ongoing insect pest management scenario, gut symbionts are proving to be the reliable, eco-friendly and novel approach in the integrated pest management.
在农业领域及其周边人类生活环境中，昆虫兼具益处和危害。肠道共生菌群体帮助昆虫适应多样且极端的环境，并占据地球上的每一个可用生态位。微生物共生通过补充必需的饮食元素、通过伪装提供免受捕食者和寄生蜂侵害的保护、调节信号通路以实现体内平衡并触发对病原体的免疫、劫持植物通路以规避植物防御、获得降解化学农药的能力以及降解有害农药等方式来帮助宿主昆虫。因此，微生物保护策略可能导致害虫过度繁殖，从而大幅降低作物产量。一些研究表明，通过使用抗生素破坏昆虫肠道共生菌会增加昆虫死亡率。本综述总结了害虫肠道微生物群发挥的各种作用以及一些针对共生菌进行害虫防治的研究。对肠道共生菌的操控或利用会改变宿主昆虫的生长和种群数量，因此是开发更好的害虫防治策略的潜在目标。本文还进一步讨论了诸如利用CRISPR/Cas9、RNA干扰调节肠道共生菌以及将昆虫不育技术（IIT）和昆虫绝育技术（SIT）相结合以提高昆虫死亡率等方法。在当前的害虫管理形势下，肠道共生菌正被证明是综合害虫管理中可靠、环保且新颖的方法。
