AlGannas Nayef S, Alghamdi Abdullah S, Hazazi Ali M, Alqahtani Nasser S, Alshareef Mohammad N, Ahmed Mohamed H, Omer Abubakr, AlShehah Abdulmajid A
Department of MOI Clinics, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Nov;11(11):7372-7377. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1369_22. Epub 2022 Dec 16.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a global public health crisis. The disease is known to be caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, but the detailed characteristics of the immune response to this novel virus have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to determine the level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies and their correlation with clinical features at three time points postinfection in a group of patients in Saudi Arabia.
In this prospective observational study, we collected the demographic and clinical data from 43 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed patients and measured the COVID-19 antispike IgG levels at three different visits.
The seroconversion rate after COVID-19 infection was 88.4% in the study participants, with no significant changes in the IgG levels through the three visits. The duration of shortness of breath had a significant positive correlation with the IgG level of the patients. Using the logistic regression model, participants having coughs were found to be 12.48 times more likely to develop positive IgG. The IgG levels were less in smokers than nonsmokers [Odds ratio = 6.42 (95% CI 2.11-19.48); = 0.001].
Positive IgG levels have been developed in most COVID-19 patients and did not significantly change over 3 months following the diagnosis. The level of IgG antibodies was found to be significantly associated with the presence of cough, duration of shortness of breath, and the smoking habit of the patients. These findings have clinical and public health significance and need to be validated in larger studies in different populations.
2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）已引发全球公共卫生危机。已知该疾病由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒引起，但针对这种新型病毒的免疫反应的详细特征尚未完全阐明。在本研究中，我们旨在确定沙特阿拉伯一组患者感染后三个时间点的免疫球蛋白G（IgG）抗体水平及其与临床特征的相关性。
在这项前瞻性观察研究中，我们收集了43例经聚合酶链反应（PCR）确诊患者的人口统计学和临床数据，并在三次不同的就诊时测量了COVID-19抗刺突IgG水平。
研究参与者中COVID-19感染后的血清转化率为88.4%，三次就诊时IgG水平无显著变化。呼吸急促的持续时间与患者的IgG水平呈显著正相关。使用逻辑回归模型发现，咳嗽的参与者出现阳性IgG的可能性高出12.48倍。吸烟者的IgG水平低于非吸烟者[比值比 = 6.42（95%置信区间2.11 - 19.48）；P = 0.001]。
大多数COVID-19患者出现了阳性IgG水平，且在诊断后的3个月内没有显著变化。发现IgG抗体水平与咳嗽的存在、呼吸急促的持续时间以及患者的吸烟习惯显著相关。这些发现具有临床和公共卫生意义，需要在不同人群的更大规模研究中进行验证。
