Ruissen Merel M, Rodriguez-Gutierrez René, Montori Victor M, Kunneman Marleen
Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
Front Clin Diabetes Healthc. 2021 Apr 16;2:658817. doi: 10.3389/fcdhc.2021.658817. eCollection 2021.
The care of patients with diabetes requires plans of care that make intellectual, practical, and emotional sense to patients. For these plans to fit well, patients and clinicians must work together to develop a common understanding of the patient's problematic human situation and co-create a plan of care that responds well to it. This process, which starts at the point of care, needs to continue at the point of life. There, patients work to fit the demands of their care plan along with the demands placed by their lives and loves. Thought in this way, diabetes care goes beyond the control of metabolic parameters and the achievement of glycemic control targets. Instead, it is a highly individualized endeavor that must arrive at a care plan that reflects the biology and biography of the patient, the best available research evidence, and the priorities and values of the patient and her community. It must also be feasible within the life of the patient, minimally disrupting those aspects of the patient life that are treasured and justify the pursuit of care in the first place. Patient-centered methods such as shared decision making and minimally disruptive medicine have joined technological advances, patient empowerment, self-management support, and expert patient communities to advance the fit of diabetes care both at the point of care and at the point of life.
糖尿病患者的护理需要制定对患者具有智力、实践和情感意义的护理计划。为了使这些计划完美契合,患者和临床医生必须共同努力,对患者的问题情境形成共同理解,并共同制定出能有效应对的护理计划。这个从护理点开始的过程,需要在生活点继续下去。在生活点,患者努力使护理计划的要求与生活和情感的要求相适应。从这个角度思考,糖尿病护理超越了代谢参数的控制和血糖控制目标的实现。相反,它是一项高度个体化的工作,必须制定出一个反映患者生物学特征和生活经历、现有最佳研究证据以及患者及其社区的优先事项和价值观的护理计划。它还必须在患者的生活中切实可行,尽量减少对患者珍视的生活方面的干扰,而正是这些方面使得护理的追求具有合理性。以患者为中心的方法,如共同决策和微创医疗,与技术进步、患者赋权、自我管理支持以及患者专家社区相结合,推动了糖尿病护理在护理点和生活点的契合度。