Institute of Biomineralization and Lithiasis Research, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
Biomater Sci. 2023 May 16;11(10):3524-3546. doi: 10.1039/d3bm00087g.
: The first objective is to study the synergistic inhibition of calcium oxalate (CaOx) formation by polysaccharides (DLP and SDLP, before and after sulfation) and potassium citrate (Kcit) and determine the synergistic protection of renal epithelial cells (HK-2 cells) caused by CaOx crystal damage. The second objective is to explore new ways to prevent and treat kidney stones. : The CaOx crystals regulated by five additives (Kcit group, DLP group, SDLP group, DLP-Kcit synergistic group and SDLP-Kcit synergistic group) were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, SEM, zeta potential, ICP, and TGA. The protective effect of each additive group on HK-2 cells damaged by nano-calcium oxalate monohydrate (nano-COM) was compared by detecting cell viability, the cell reactive oxygen species level, the cell survival rate, and mitochondrial membrane potential. : When DLP or SDLP acted synergically with Kcit, the synergistic group induced the same amount of COD at a lower concentration or more COD formation at the same concentration, highlighting the synergistic enhancement effect of 1 + 1 > 2. At 0.3 g L, the COD contents induced by DLP, SDLP, Kcit, DLP-Kcit, and SDLP-Kcit synergistic groups were 20.3%, 75.8%, 75.4%, 87.3%, and 100%, respectively. The synergistic group increased the concentration of soluble Ca ions in the supernatant, increased the absolute value of the zeta potential on the surface of CaOx crystals, and inhibited the aggregation among the crystals. TGA and DTG analyses established the adsorption of polysaccharides in the crystals. Cell experiments showed the ability of the synergistic group to significantly inhibit the damage of nano-COM crystals on HK-2 cells, reduce the level of reactive oxygen species and mortality, and improve cell viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential. : The synergistic group can more effectively induce COD formation and cell protection than the standalone polysaccharide group or Kcit group. The synergistic groups, especially SDLP-Kcit, may be a potential drug for inhibiting the formation of CaOx kidney stones.
: 目的 1：研究多糖（DLP 和 SDLP，硫酸化前后）和柠檬酸钾（Kcit）对草酸钙（CaOx）形成的协同抑制作用，并确定 CaOx 晶体损伤对肾上皮细胞（HK-2 细胞）的协同保护作用。目的 2：探索防治肾结石的新方法。: 用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、Zeta 电位、电感耦合等离子体（ICP）和热重分析（TGA）对五种添加剂（Kcit 组、DLP 组、SDLP 组、DLP-Kcit 协同组和 SDLP-Kcit 协同组）调控的 CaOx 晶体进行了表征。通过检测细胞活力、细胞活性氧水平、细胞存活率和线粒体膜电位，比较了各添加剂组对纳米草酸钙单水合物（nano-COM）损伤的 HK-2 细胞的保护作用。: 当 DLP 或 SDLP 与 Kcit 协同作用时，协同组在较低浓度下诱导相同量的 COD，或在相同浓度下诱导更多的 COD 形成，突出了 1+1>2 的协同增强效应。在 0.3 g·L-1 时，DLP、SDLP、Kcit、DLP-Kcit 和 SDLP-Kcit 协同组诱导的 COD 含量分别为 20.3%、75.8%、75.4%、87.3%和 100%。协同组增加了上清液中可溶性 Ca 离子的浓度，增加了 CaOx 晶体表面 Zeta 电位的绝对值，并抑制了晶体之间的聚集。TGA 和 DTG 分析确立了多糖在晶体中的吸附。细胞实验表明，协同组能显著抑制 nano-COM 晶体对 HK-2 细胞的损伤，降低活性氧水平和死亡率，提高细胞活力和线粒体膜电位。: 与独立多糖组或 Kcit 组相比，协同组能更有效地诱导 COD 形成和细胞保护。协同组，尤其是 SDLP-Kcit，可能是一种抑制 CaOx 肾结石形成的潜在药物。
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