Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, Division of Gender, Sexuality, and Health, Columbia University and New York Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.
Cult Health Sex. 2024 Feb;26(2):159-173. doi: 10.1080/13691058.2023.2194353. Epub 2023 Mar 30.
Transgender women face a disproportionate burden of carceral violence, or violence related to policing and the criminal legal system, with transgender women of colour experiencing even greater disparities. Several frameworks conceptualise the mechanisms through which violence impacts transgender women. However, none of them directly explore the role of carceral violence, particularly as it is experienced by transgender women themselves. Sixteen in-depth interviews were conducted with a racially/ethnically diverse sample of transgender women in Los Angeles between May and July 2020. Participants were between 23 - 67 years old. Participants identified as Black ( = 4), Latina ( = 4), white ( = 2), Asian ( = 2), and Native American ( = 2). Interviews assessed experiences of multilevel violence, including from police and law enforcement. Deductive and inductive coding methods were used to identify and explore common themes concerning carceral violence. Experiences of law enforcement-perpetrated interpersonal violence were common and included physical, sexual and verbal abuse. Participants also highlighted structural violence, including misgendering, the non-acceptance of transgender identities, and police intentionally failing to uphold laws that could protect transgender women. These results demonstrate the pervasive, multilevel nature of carceral violence perpetrated against transgender women and suggest avenues for future framework development, trans-specific expansions of carceral theory, and system-wide institutional change.
跨性别女性面临不成比例的监禁暴力负担，或与警察和刑事司法系统有关的暴力，而跨性别有色人种女性经历的差异更大。有几个框架概念化了暴力影响跨性别女性的机制。然而，它们都没有直接探讨监禁暴力的作用，特别是跨性别女性自身所经历的监禁暴力。2020 年 5 月至 7 月，在洛杉矶对一个种族/民族多样化的跨性别女性样本进行了 16 次深入访谈。参与者年龄在 23 至 67 岁之间。参与者自认为是黑人（=4）、拉丁裔（=4）、白人（=2）、亚洲人（=2）和美洲原住民（=2）。访谈评估了多层次暴力的经历，包括来自警察和执法部门的暴力。采用演绎和归纳编码方法来识别和探讨与监禁暴力有关的共同主题。执法人员实施的人际暴力的经历很常见，包括身体、性和言语虐待。参与者还强调了结构性暴力，包括错误性别认同、不接受跨性别身份，以及警察故意不执行可能保护跨性别女性的法律。这些结果表明针对跨性别女性的监禁暴力具有普遍性和多层次性，并为未来的框架发展、针对跨性别者的监禁理论扩展以及全系统机构变革提供了途径。
