Catalonia Institute for Energy Research (IREC), Energy Systems Analytics Group, Jardins de Les Dones de Negre 1, 2, 08930, Sant Adrià de Besòs, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Engineering Projects and Construction, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-UPC, Jordi Girona 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
Department of Engineering Projects and Construction, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya-UPC, Jordi Girona 31, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Jul 15;338:117814. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117814. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
The increasing demand for Lithium-ion batteries for Electric Vehicle calls for the adoption of sustainable practices and a switch towards a circular economy-based system to ensure that the electrification of transportation does not come at a high environmental cost. While driving patterns have not changed much over the years, the current Electric Vehicle market is evolving towards models with higher battery capacities. In addition, these batteries are considered to reach the End of Life at 70-80% State of Health, regardless of their capacity and application requirements. These issues may cause an underuse of the batteries and, therefore, hinder the sustainability of the Electric Vehicle. The goal of this study is to review and compare the circular processes available around Electric Vehicle batteries. The review highlights the importance of prioritizing the first-life of the battery onboard, starting with reducing the nominal capacity of the models. In cases where the battery is in risk of reaching the End of Life with additional value, Vehicle to Grid is encouraged over the deployment of second-life applications, which are being strongly promoted through institutional fundings in Europe. As a result of the identified research gaps, the methodological framework for the estimation of a functional End of Life is proposed, which constitutes a valuable tool for sustainable decision-making and allows to identify a more accurate End of Life, rather than considering the fixed threshold assumed in the literature.
锂离子电池在电动汽车中的需求不断增加，这就要求采用可持续的实践，并转向基于循环经济的系统，以确保交通的电气化不会带来高昂的环境成本。虽然多年来驾驶模式没有太大变化，但当前的电动汽车市场正在向具有更高电池容量的车型发展。此外，这些电池被认为在达到 70-80%健康状态时就达到了使用寿命终点，而不管其容量和应用要求如何。这些问题可能导致电池的使用不足，从而阻碍电动汽车的可持续性。本研究的目的是回顾和比较电动汽车电池可用的循环流程。该综述强调了优先考虑车载电池的首次使用的重要性，首先从降低模型的名义容量开始。在电池有风险达到使用寿命终点但仍有额外价值的情况下，鼓励使用车到电网技术，而不是部署第二生命应用，而第二生命应用在欧洲通过机构资金得到了大力推广。由于确定了研究差距，提出了功能使用寿命终点的估计方法框架，这是可持续决策的有价值工具，并允许更准确地确定使用寿命终点，而不是考虑文献中假设的固定阈值。
