Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
J Environ Manage. 2023 Jul 15;338:117802. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117802. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
The study aims to understand the occurrence and removal of 20 emerging contaminants (ECs) in each unit process of a sequencing batch reactor-based wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and explore the potential of biological activated carbon (BAC) for the treatment of residual ECs and organic matter in the secondary effluent. Analgesic-acetaminophen, anti-inflammatory drug-ibuprofen, and stimulant-caffeine were detected at high concentrations in the influent. Most of the removal was observed in the biological treatment stage in the SBR basins. The mass load of the ECs was 2.93 g/d in the secondary effluent and 0.4 g/d in the final sludge, while the total removal of the mass load of ECs till the secondary treatment stage was 93.22%. 12 of the 20 ECs were removed by more than 50%, while carbamazepine (negative removal), sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim were removed by less than 20%. As a polishing step and to remove residual ECs, two BAC units were studied for 11,000 bed volumes (324 days). Packed column studies on granular activated carbon were conducted, and GAC development to BAC was monitored. SEM and FTIR were used to confirm and characterize the BAC. The BAC appeared to be more hydrophobic than the GAC. The BAC removed 78.4% and 40% of the dissolved ECs and organic carbon at an optimum EBCT of 25 min. Carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim were removed by 61.5, 84, and 52.2%, respectively. Parallel column tests revealed adsorption as an important mechanism for the removal of positively charged compounds. The results indicate that the BAC is an effective tertiary/polishing technique for removing organic and micropollutants in the secondary wastewater effluent.
本研究旨在了解序列间歇式反应器（SBR）污水处理厂中每个处理单元中 20 种新兴污染物（ECs）的产生和去除情况，并探讨生物活性炭（BAC）对处理二级出水中残留 ECs 和有机物的潜力。在进水口中检测到高浓度的镇痛剂-对乙酰氨基酚、抗炎药-布洛芬和兴奋剂-咖啡因。在 SBR 池中，大部分去除发生在生物处理阶段。在二级出水中，ECs 的质量负荷为 2.93g/d，在最终污泥中为 0.4g/d，而在二级处理阶段，ECs 的总去除率为 93.22%。20 种 ECs 中有 12 种被去除了 50%以上，而卡马西平（负去除）、磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶的去除率低于 20%。作为一个抛光步骤和去除残留的 ECs，研究了两个 BAC 单元进行了 11000 个床层体积（324 天）。进行了颗粒活性炭填充柱研究，并监测了 GAC 向 BAC 的发展。使用 SEM 和 FTIR 对 BAC 进行了确认和表征。与 GAC 相比，BAC 表现出更强的疏水性。在最佳 EBCT 为 25 分钟时，BAC 去除了 78.4%和 40%的溶解态 ECs 和有机碳。卡马西平、磺胺甲恶唑和甲氧苄啶的去除率分别为 61.5%、84%和 52.2%。平行柱试验表明，吸附是去除正电荷化合物的重要机制。结果表明，BAC 是去除二级废水出水中有机和微量污染物的有效三级/抛光技术。
