Bowsher-Murray Claire, Jones Catherine R G, von dem Hagen Elisabeth
Wales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK; Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK.
Wales Autism Research Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK; Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental Science, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF10 3AT, UK; Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales CF24 4HQ, UK.
J Exp Child Psychol. 2023 Aug;232:105669. doi: 10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105669. Epub 2023 Mar 28.
Interpersonal synchrony (IPS) is the temporal coordination of behavior during social interactions. IPS acts as a social cue signifying affiliation both when children witness IPS between others and when they experience it themselves. However, it is unclear which temporal qualities of IPS produce these effects and why. We hypothesized that both the simultaneity and temporal regularity of partners' actions would influence affiliation judgments and that subjective perceptions of IPS ("togetherness") would play a role in mediating these relations. In two online tasks, children aged 4 to 11 years listened to a pair of children tapping (witnessed IPS; n = 68) or themselves tapped with another child (experienced IPS; n = 63). Tapping partners were presented as real, but the sounds attributed to them were computer generated so that their temporal relations could be experimentally manipulated. The simultaneity and regularity of their tapping was systematically manipulated across trials. For witnessed IPS, both the simultaneity and regularity of partners' tapping significantly positively affected the perceived degree of affiliation between them. These effects were mediated by the perceived togetherness of the tapping. No affiliative effects of IPS were found in the experienced IPS condition. Our findings suggest that both the simultaneity and regularity of partners' actions influence children's affiliation judgments when witnessing IPS via elicited perceptions of togetherness. We conclude that temporal interdependence-which includes but is not limited to simultaneity of action-is responsible for inducing perceptions of affiliation during witnessed IPS.
人际同步（IPS）是社会互动过程中行为的时间协调。当儿童目睹他人之间的人际同步以及他们自己体验到人际同步时，IPS作为一种社会线索，表示亲密关系。然而，尚不清楚人际同步的哪些时间特性会产生这些影响以及原因。我们假设伙伴行动的同时性和时间规律性都会影响亲密关系判断，并且人际同步的主观感知（“在一起”）会在调节这些关系中发挥作用。在两项在线任务中，4至11岁的儿童聆听一对儿童敲击（目睹人际同步；n = 68）或自己与另一名儿童一起敲击（体验人际同步；n = 63）。敲击伙伴被呈现为真实的，但归因于他们的声音是计算机生成的，以便可以通过实验操纵他们的时间关系。在不同试验中系统地操纵他们敲击的同时性和规律性。对于目睹的人际同步，伙伴敲击的同时性和规律性都对他们之间感知到的亲密程度产生显著的积极影响。这些影响是由敲击时感知到的在一起程度介导的。在体验人际同步的条件下未发现人际同步的亲密关系效应。我们的研究结果表明，当通过引发的在一起感知目睹人际同步时，伙伴行动的同时性和规律性都会影响儿童的亲密关系判断。我们得出结论，时间相互依存性——包括但不限于行动的同时性——是在目睹人际同步期间引发亲密关系感知的原因。
