Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2023;184(7):681-691. doi: 10.1159/000529435. Epub 2023 Mar 30.
Eczema is a common allergic skin condition among children and adolescents, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are a kind of fatty acid which were reported to be associated with reduced risk of eczema. Previous studies explored different types of PUFAs with various age groups of children and adolescents, and the influence of confounding factors such as medicine use was not considered. In the present study, we aimed to identify the associations between PUFAs and the risk of eczema in children and adolescents. These findings of our study might help better understand the associations between PUFAs and eczema.
This cross-sectional study collected the data of 2,560 children and adolescents aged 6-19 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) between 2005 and 2006. Total PUFA, omega-3 (n-3), including octadecatrienoic acid/18:3, octadecatrienoic acid/18:4, eicosapentaenoic acid/20:5, docosapentaenoic acid/22:5, and docosahexaenoic acid/22:6, omega-6 (n-6), including octadecatrienoic acid/18:2 and eicosatetraenoic acid/20:4, total n-3 intake, total n-6 intake, and n-3/n-6 were main variables in this study. Univariate logistic regression was applied for identifying potential confounders for eczema. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were conducted to explore the associations between PUFAs and eczema. Subgroup analysis was performed on subjects with different ages, and patients complicated with other allergic diseases, allergy, and medicine use or not.
In total, there were 252 (9.8%) subjects who had eczema. After adjusting for confounding factors including age, race, poverty to income ratio (PIR), medicine use, hay fever, sinus infection, body mass index (BMI), serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibody, and IgE, we observed that eicosatetraenoic acid/20:4 (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.04-0.68) and total n-3 (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77-0.99) were linked with decreased risk of eczema in children and adolescents. Eicosatetraenoic acid/20:4 was correlated with decreased risk of eczema in participants without hay fever (OR = 0.82, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97) and medicine use (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.68-0.94) or with allergy (OR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.94). Total n-3 intake was associated with a reduced risk of eczema with the adjusted OR of 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.98) in participants without hay fever. In those without sinus infection, octadecatrienoic acid/18:4 was linked with decreased risk of eczema (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.69-0.99).
N-3 and eicosatetraenoic acid/20:4 might be associated with the risk of eczema in children and adolescents.
湿疹是儿童和青少年常见的过敏性皮肤疾病，多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）是一种脂肪酸，据报道与湿疹风险降低有关。以前的研究探索了不同类型的 PUFAs 与不同年龄组的儿童和青少年，并且没有考虑药物使用等混杂因素的影响。在本研究中，我们旨在确定 PUFAs 与儿童和青少年湿疹风险之间的关联。我们研究的这些发现可能有助于更好地理解 PUFAs 与湿疹之间的关联。
本横断面研究收集了 2005 年至 2006 年期间国家健康和营养检查调查（NHANES）中 6-19 岁的 2560 名儿童和青少年的数据。总 PUFAs、ω-3（n-3），包括十八碳三烯酸/18:3、十八碳三烯酸/18:4、二十碳五烯酸/20:5、二十二碳五烯酸/22:5 和二十二碳六烯酸/22:6、ω-6（n-6），包括十八碳二烯酸/18:2 和二十碳四烯酸/20:4、总 n-3 摄入量、总 n-6 摄入量和 n-3/n-6 是本研究的主要变量。单变量逻辑回归用于确定湿疹的潜在混杂因素。进行单变量和多变量逻辑回归分析，探讨 PUFAs 与湿疹之间的关系。对不同年龄、伴有其他过敏疾病、过敏和用药或不用药的患者进行亚组分析。
共有 252 名（9.8%）受试者患有湿疹。在调整了包括年龄、种族、贫困收入比（PIR）、药物使用、花粉热、鼻窦感染、体重指数（BMI）、血清总免疫球蛋白 E（IgE）抗体和 IgE 在内的混杂因素后，我们观察到二十碳四烯酸/20:4（OR=0.17，95%CI：0.04-0.68）和总 n-3（OR=0.88，95%CI：0.77-0.99）与儿童和青少年湿疹风险降低有关。二十碳四烯酸/20:4 与无花粉热（OR=0.82，95%CI：0.70-0.97）和无药物使用（OR=0.80，95%CI：0.68-0.94）或过敏（OR=0.75，95%CI：0.59-0.94）的参与者的湿疹风险降低相关。总 n-3 摄入量与湿疹风险降低相关，调整后的 OR 为 0.84，95%CI：0.72-0.98）在无花粉热的参与者中。在无鼻窦感染的参与者中，十八碳二烯酸/18:4 与湿疹风险降低相关（OR=0.83，95%CI：0.69-0.99）。
n-3 和二十碳四烯酸/20:4 可能与儿童和青少年的湿疹风险有关。
