Kanon Alexander P, Giezenaar Caroline, Roy Nicole C, McNabb Warren C, Henare Sharon J
School of Health Sciences, College of Health, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Te Ohu Rangahau Kai Facility, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
Front Nutr. 2023 Mar 14;10:1079609. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1079609. eCollection 2023.
Daily kiwifruit (KF) consumption has been associated with improved sleep quality, but underlying physiological mechanisms are unknown. This study examined acute effects of fresh and dried green KF, compared with a water control, on sleep quality, mood, and urinary serotonin and melatonin metabolite concentrations.
24 men (age: 29 ± 1 years, body mass index: 24 ± 1 kg/m) with poor ( = 12) or good ( = 12) sleep quality participated in a randomized, single-blind crossover study. One of three treatments was consumed with a standardized evening meal; (1) the flesh of two fresh green KF, (2) dried green KF powder (including skin; equivalent to dry matter of two fresh KF) mixed with water, or (3) a water control, in their own home. Subjective and objective sleep quality, mood, waking urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (aMT6s), vitamin C and B-vitamin concentrations were determined.
Regardless of sleep quality group, compared to control, morning sleepiness, alertness upon awakening, and vigor were improved ( < 0.05) after dried KF consumption. Compared to control, both fresh and dried KF treatments tended ( < 0.1) toward improved esteem and total mood disturbance. Both KF treatments increased (fresh +1.56 ± 0.4 ng/g, = 0.001; dried: +1.30 ± 0.4 ng/g, = 0.004) urinary concentration of the serotonin metabolite 5-HIAA compared to the control (4.32 ± 0.4 ng/g). In poor sleepers, ease of awakening improved by 24% after dried KF consumption ( = 0.005) and tended to improve by 13% after fresh KF intake ( = 0.052) compared to the control. Good sleepers tended toward 9% improved ratings of getting to sleep with fresh KF ( = 0.053) compared to the control. Poor sleepers had lower amounts of some B-vitamins compared to good sleepers ( < 0.05).
Consumption of dried or fresh KF with a standard evening meal, was associated with improved aspects of sleep quality and mood, possibly mediated through changes in serotonin metabolism.
[www.anzctr.org.au], identifier [ACTRN12621000046808]. Graphical Abstract.
每日食用奇异果（KF）与睡眠质量改善有关，但其潜在的生理机制尚不清楚。本研究比较了新鲜和干燥的绿色奇异果与水对照对睡眠质量、情绪以及尿中血清素和褪黑素代谢物浓度的急性影响。
24名男性（年龄：29±1岁，体重指数：24±1kg/m²），其中睡眠质量差（n = 12）或睡眠质量好（n = 12），参与了一项随机、单盲交叉研究。三种处理之一与标准化晚餐一起食用；（1）两个新鲜绿色奇异果的果肉，（2）干燥的绿色奇异果粉（包括果皮；相当于两个新鲜奇异果的干物质）与水混合，或（3）水对照，在他们自己家中食用。测定主观和客观睡眠质量、情绪、清醒时尿中5-羟吲哚乙酸（5-HIAA）、6-硫酸氧褪黑素（aMT6s）、维生素C和B族维生素浓度。
无论睡眠质量分组如何，与对照组相比，食用干燥奇异果后，早晨嗜睡、醒来时的警觉性和活力均有所改善（P < 0.05）。与对照组相比，新鲜和干燥奇异果处理均倾向于（P < 0.1）改善自尊和总体情绪紊乱。与对照组（4.32±0.4ng/g）相比，两种奇异果处理均增加了（新鲜：+1.56±0.4ng/g，P = 0.001；干燥：+1.30±0.4ng/g，P = 0.004）血清素代谢物5-HIAA的尿浓度。在睡眠质量差的人群中，食用干燥奇异果后觉醒容易度提高了24%（P = 0.005），与对照组相比，食用新鲜奇异果后觉醒容易度倾向于提高13%（P = 0.052）。与对照组相比，睡眠质量好的人群食用新鲜奇异果后入睡评分倾向于提高9%（P = 0.053）。与睡眠质量好的人群相比，睡眠质量差的人群某些B族维生素含量较低（P < 0.05）。
与标准化晚餐一起食用干燥或新鲜奇异果与睡眠质量和情绪的改善有关，可能是通过血清素代谢的变化介导的。
