Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan; Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Hang Tuah, 60111, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70457, Taiwan.
J Formos Med Assoc. 2023 Jul;122(7):528-539. doi: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.03.013. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
Diabetes, dyslipidemia, obesity, and cardiac dysfunction are the hallmarks of the cardiometabolic syndrome. Pathogens include hypercoagulability, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and oxidative stress. Increased white fat, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease are caused by obesity. Depression increases the risk of future obesity, a surprising link between obesity and neuropathology. High glucose levels, abnormal lipids, and metabolic syndrome are the root causes of CVD associated with diabetes. Diets high in fat induce insulin resistance and liver fat. Inflammation, diminished insulin signaling, and ectopic lipid accumulation are the causes of ectopic lipid accumulation. Polyunsaturated fatty acids with eicosapentaenoic acid and docohexasonoic acid inhibit the synthesis of triglycerides and increase their clearance. Omega-3 regulates the nervous system, blood pressure, hematic clotting, glucose tolerance, and inflammation. However, anxiety and depression can cause cardiovascular disease. It has been shown that PUFAs found in fish oil can improve glucose and lipid metabolism, cardiac membrane composition, and inflammation in the body. By repairing the dysregulation of metabolic syndrome, fish oil is a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases.
糖尿病、血脂异常、肥胖和心脏功能障碍是代谢综合征的特征。病原体包括高凝状态、炎症、内皮功能障碍和氧化应激。肥胖会导致白色脂肪增加、非酒精性脂肪肝疾病、糖尿病和心血管疾病。抑郁会增加未来肥胖的风险，这是肥胖和神经病理学之间令人惊讶的联系。高血糖、异常脂质和代谢综合征是与糖尿病相关的心血管疾病的根本原因。高脂肪饮食会导致胰岛素抵抗和肝脏脂肪堆积。炎症、胰岛素信号减弱和异位脂质积累是异位脂质积累的原因。富含二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的多不饱和脂肪酸可抑制甘油三酯的合成并增加其清除率。ω-3 脂肪酸可调节神经系统、血压、血液凝结、葡萄糖耐量和炎症。然而，焦虑和抑郁会导致心血管疾病。研究表明，鱼油中的 PUFAs 可以改善葡萄糖和脂质代谢、心脏膜组成以及体内炎症。通过修复代谢综合征的失调，鱼油可能成为心血管疾病的潜在治疗靶点。
