Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
Curr Opin Biotechnol. 2023 Jun;81:102925. doi: 10.1016/j.copbio.2023.102925. Epub 2023 Mar 30.
Some physiological processes in reproductive organs, if not controlled, can lead to crop loss even in the absence of environmental stress. These processes may occur pre- or post- harvest, and in diverse species and include abscission processes in cereal grain, e.g., shattering and in immature fruit, e.g., preharvest drop, preharvest sprouting of cereals, and postharvest senescence in fruit. Some of the molecular mechanisms and genetic determinants underlying these processes are now better detailed, making it possible to refine them by gene editing. Here, we discuss using advanced genomics to identify genetic determinants underlying crop physiological traits. Examples of improved phenotypes developed for preharvest problems are provided, and suggestions for reducing postharvest fruit losses by gene and promoter editing were made.
生殖器官的一些生理过程，如果不受控制，即使在没有环境压力的情况下，也会导致作物损失。这些过程可能发生在收获前或收获后，涉及多种物种，包括谷物的脱落过程，例如破碎，以及未成熟果实的脱落过程，例如采前落果、谷物的采前发芽和果实的采后衰老。这些过程背后的一些分子机制和遗传决定因素现在已经得到更好的描述，使得通过基因编辑来改进它们成为可能。在这里，我们讨论了使用先进的基因组学来识别作物生理性状的遗传决定因素。提供了针对采前问题开发的改良表型的示例，并就通过基因和启动子编辑减少采后果实损失提出了建议。
