Department of Plant Production and Forestry Science, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Gregor-Mendel-Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria.
Plant Cell Rep. 2021 Jun;40(6):953-978. doi: 10.1007/s00299-021-02668-7. Epub 2021 Feb 9.
We summarize recent genome editing studies that have focused on the examination (or reexamination) of plant architectural phenotypes in cereals and the modification of these traits for crop improvement. Plant architecture is defined as the three-dimensional organization of the entire plant. Shoot architecture refers to the structure and organization of the aboveground components of a plant, reflecting the developmental patterning of stems, branches, leaves and inflorescences/flowers. Root system architecture is essentially determined by four major shape parameters-growth, branching, surface area and angle. Interest in plant architecture has arisen from the profound impact of many architectural traits on agronomic performance, and the genetic and hormonal regulation of these traits which makes them sensitive to both selective breeding and agronomic practices. This is particularly important in staple crops, and a large body of literature has, therefore, accumulated on the control of architectural phenotypes in cereals, particularly rice due to its twin role as one of the world's most important food crops as well as a model organism in plant biology and biotechnology. These studies have revealed many of the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of tiller/axillary branching, stem height, leaf and flower development, root architecture and the grain characteristics that ultimately help to determine yield. The advent of genome editing has made it possible, for the first time, to introduce precise mutations into cereal crops to optimize their architecture and close in on the concept of the ideotype. In this review, we consider recent genome editing studies that have focused on the examination (or reexamination) of plant architectural phenotypes in cereals and the modification of these traits for crop improvement.
我们总结了最近的基因组编辑研究，这些研究集中在检查（或重新检查）谷物中植物结构表型，以及为作物改良修饰这些性状上。植物结构被定义为整个植物的三维组织。茎结构是指植物地上部分的结构和组织，反映了茎、分枝、叶和花序/花的发育模式。根系结构主要由四个主要形状参数决定——生长、分枝、表面积和角度。人们对植物结构的兴趣源于许多结构性状对农艺性能的深远影响，以及这些性状的遗传和激素调节，这使得它们对选择性育种和农艺实践都很敏感。这在主要作物中尤为重要，因此，关于谷物结构表型控制的大量文献已经积累起来，特别是在水稻中，因为它既是世界上最重要的粮食作物之一，也是植物生物学和生物技术的模式生物。这些研究揭示了许多参与分蘖/腋芽分枝、茎高、叶和花发育、根系结构和谷物特征调节的分子机制，这些特征最终有助于决定产量。基因组编辑的出现使人们第一次有可能将精确的突变引入谷物作物中，以优化其结构，并接近理想型的概念。在这篇综述中，我们考虑了最近的基因组编辑研究，这些研究集中在检查（或重新检查）谷物中植物结构表型，以及为作物改良修饰这些性状。
