Choudhary Pooja, Muthamilarasan Mehanathan
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
Department of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India.
J Plant Physiol. 2022 Nov;278:153815. doi: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153815. Epub 2022 Sep 16.
Climate change adversely affects the yield and productivity of cereal crops, which consequently impacts food security. Therefore, studying stress acclimation, particularly transcriptional patterns and morpho-physiological responses of cereal crops to different stresses, will provide insights into the molecular determinants underlying climate resilience. The availability of advanced tools and approaches has enabled the characterization of plants at morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels, which will lead to the identification of genomic regions regulating the stress responses at these levels. This will further facilitate using transgenic, breeding, or genome editing approaches to manipulate the identified regions (genes, alleles, or QTLs) to enhance stress resilience. Next-generation sequencing approaches have advanced the identification of causal genes and markers in the genomes through forward or reverse genetics. In this context, the review enumerates the progress of dissecting the molecular mechanisms underlying transcriptional and physiological responses of major cereals to climate-induced stresses. The review systematically discusses different tools and approaches available to study the response of plants to various stresses and identify the molecular determinants regulating stress-resilience. Further, the application of genomics-assisted breeding, transgene-, and targeted editing-based approaches for modulating the genetic determinants for enhanced climate resilience has been elaborated.
气候变化对谷类作物的产量和生产力产生不利影响，进而影响粮食安全。因此，研究应激适应，特别是谷类作物对不同胁迫的转录模式和形态生理反应，将有助于深入了解气候适应能力背后的分子决定因素。先进工具和方法的出现使得能够在形态、生理、生化和分子水平上对植物进行表征，这将有助于识别在这些水平上调节胁迫反应的基因组区域。这将进一步促进使用转基因、育种或基因组编辑方法来操纵已识别的区域（基因、等位基因或数量性状位点），以增强胁迫适应能力。新一代测序方法通过正向或反向遗传学推进了基因组中因果基因和标记的识别。在此背景下，本综述列举了剖析主要谷类作物对气候诱导胁迫的转录和生理反应背后分子机制的进展。该综述系统地讨论了可用于研究植物对各种胁迫的反应并识别调节胁迫适应能力的分子决定因素的不同工具和方法。此外，还阐述了基因组辅助育种、基于转基因和靶向编辑的方法在调节遗传决定因素以增强气候适应能力方面的应用。
