Department of Sports Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; School of Human Kinetics and Recreation, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada.
Department of Biomechanics and Sports Injuries, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran.
Exp Gerontol. 2023 May;175:112161. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112161. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
Asymmetry of lower limb muscle strength and knee proprioception have been linked with risk of falling among elderly with and without history of falling.
This study aimed to determine the comparison of hamstrings to quadriceps strength ratio (CSR) and bilateral knee strength ratio, hamstrings and quadriceps muscles' strength and knee proprioception in elderly male fallers and non-fallers.
Sixty older adults, 65 years and older were recruited into faller (fell twice in the last six months) and non-faller groups. Then, the knee extension and flexion strength and proprioception at 45° knee flexion for the dominant leg (DL) and non-dominant legs (NDL) were measured with a Biodex Isokinetic Dynamometer.
The strength of quadriceps and hamstring muscles showed significantly higher values in DL by 5.4 %, 9.2 % and NDL by 11.7 %, 15.5 % in the non-faller compared to the faller (p < 0.05). Significantly greater bilateral asymmetry (>10 % difference) was observed with the quadriceps (p = 0.014, -7.9 %, ES = 0.76) and hamstrings (p < 0.001, -18.4 %, ES = 1.5) as well as reduced CSR (<72 %) by 7.6 % in DL (ES = 0.64) and 11.3 % in NDL (ES = 0.81) with fallers versus non-fallers. Significantly less knee proprioception was found with the DL by -1.5 % (ES = 1.15) and NDL (ES = 1.50) by -2.1 % (p < 0.001) in non-faller compared to faller.
It concluded that non-fallers have better strength symmetry, bilateral and unilateral knee strength ratios as well as more sensitive knee proprioception than fallers. It is suggestive that older adult fallers may need to improve bilateral knee strength symmetry and proprioception to prevent the risk of falling.
下肢肌肉力量和膝关节本体感觉的不对称与有或无跌倒史的老年人跌倒风险有关。
本研究旨在比较老年男性跌倒者和非跌倒者的腘绳肌与股四头肌力量比（CSR）以及双侧膝关节力量比、腘绳肌和股四头肌力量以及膝关节本体感觉。
招募了 60 名 65 岁及以上的老年人，分为跌倒者（过去六个月跌倒两次）和非跌倒者两组。然后，使用 Biodex 等速测力计测量优势腿（DL）和非优势腿（NDL）的膝关节伸展和屈曲力量以及 45°膝关节屈曲时的本体感觉。
与跌倒者相比，非跌倒者的 DL 股四头肌和腘绳肌力量分别高出 5.4%和 9.2%，NDL 分别高出 11.7%和 15.5%（p<0.05）。在股四头肌（p=0.014，-7.9%，ES=0.76）和腘绳肌（p<0.001，-18.4%，ES=1.5）以及 CSR（<72%）方面，双侧不对称性显著更大（差异>10%），DL 为 7.6%（ES=0.64），NDL 为 11.3%（ES=0.81），DL 侧和 NDL 侧的膝关节本体感觉均显著降低（p<0.001）。与跌倒者相比，非跌倒者的 DL 侧和 NDL 侧的膝关节本体感觉分别降低了-1.5%（ES=1.15）和-2.1%（ES=1.50）（p<0.001）。
非跌倒者的力量对称性、双侧和单侧膝关节力量比以及更敏感的膝关节本体感觉均优于跌倒者。这表明老年跌倒者可能需要改善双侧膝关节力量对称性和本体感觉，以降低跌倒风险。
