Amaral Guida, Figueiredo Amélia Simões
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Institute of Health Sciences, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, ESS, NURSE'IN-UIESI, Lisbon, Portugal.
Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Institute of Health Sciences, Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Lisbon, Portugal.
BMC Nurs. 2023 Mar 31;22(1):90. doi: 10.1186/s12912-023-01240-w.
Nurses in clinical practice settings share responsibility with academy teachers in the education of nursing students in clinical teaching. This dynamic is essential for the students' learning and their skill development. During preceptorship, the nurse has to mobilize the available resources to act competently and effectively. The purpose of this article is to identify the aspects that should be considered when selecting a nurse preceptor.
A qualitative study was carried out based on Grounded Theory using Strauss and Corbin's version. The study took place in a medicine ward and a surgery ward of a hospital in the Lisbon metropolitan area. The authors conducted fourteen semi-structured interviews with nurses who were at different stages of Benner's Professional Development Model and with different outlooks on nursing preceptorship. The initial script was reorganized after the pilot test. It was also adjusted after the first exploratory interviews and after the in-depth interviews in order to reflect the interviewees' work experience and outlooks on preceptorship. The interviews had an average duration of 45 min and were audio recorded. Theoretical sampling was conducted considering the needs identified in data coding until we reached theoretical saturation. Data analysis began after the first interview, first by open coding, followed by axial and selective coding, always in a logic of constant comparison with theory. Ethical principles, scientific integrity and methodological rigour were ensured throughout the study.
Two categories emerged that were supported by all nurses: skills and individual characteristics. The former includes communication skills, relational skills, reflective skills, technical-scientific skills, and emotional skills, while the latter includes perceptiveness, responsibility, motivation, and professional initiative.
Nurses value both the individual characteristics they possess and the skills they have developed throughout their career. The recognition of the aspects found in this study for the selection of nurse preceptors allows for an informed and reasoned decision making, with a view to the success of the preceptorship and to the improvement of the quality of nursing education.
临床实践环境中的护士与院校教师共同承担护理专业学生临床教学的责任。这种互动对于学生的学习和技能发展至关重要。在临床带教期间，护士必须调动可用资源，以胜任且高效地开展工作。本文旨在确定选择临床带教护士时应考虑的方面。
基于扎根理论，采用施特劳斯和科尔宾的版本进行了一项定性研究。该研究在里斯本大都市区一家医院的内科病房和外科病房开展。作者对处于本纳专业发展模型不同阶段、对临床带教有不同看法的护士进行了14次半结构化访谈。初始脚本在预试验后进行了重组。在首次探索性访谈和深入访谈后也进行了调整，以反映受访者的工作经验和对临床带教的看法。访谈平均时长为45分钟，并进行了录音。根据数据编码中确定的需求进行理论抽样，直至达到理论饱和。首次访谈后开始数据分析，首先进行开放式编码，随后进行轴心式编码和选择性编码，始终遵循与理论不断比较的逻辑。在整个研究过程中确保了伦理原则、科学诚信和方法严谨性。
出现了两类所有护士都认可的方面：技能和个人特质。前者包括沟通技能、人际关系技能、反思技能、技术科学技能和情感技能，而后者包括洞察力、责任感、积极性和职业主动性。
护士重视自身所具备的个人特质以及在整个职业生涯中培养的技能。认识到本研究中发现的用于选择临床带教护士的这些方面，有助于做出明智且合理的决策，以期临床带教取得成功并提高护理教育质量。
