Michl Kristina, Berg Gabriele, Cernava Tomislav
Institute of Environmental Biotechnology, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 12, Graz, 8010, Austria.
Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy (ATB), Max-Eyth Allee 100, 14469, Potsdam, Germany.
Environ Microbiome. 2023 Mar 31;18(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s40793-023-00484-y.
The plant microbiota fulfils various crucial functions related to host health, fitness, and productivity. Over the past years, the number of plant microbiome studies continued to steadily increase. Technological advancements not only allow us to produce constantly increasing datasets, but also to extract more information from them in order to advance our understanding of plant-microbe interactions. The growing knowledge base has an enormous potential to improve microbiome-based, sustainable agricultural practices, which are currently poorly understood and have yet to be further developed. Cereal plants are staple foods for a large proportion of the world's population and are therefore often implemented in microbiome studies. In the present review, we conducted extensive literature research to reflect the current state of knowledge in terms of the microbiome of the four most commonly cultivated cereal plants. We found that currently the majority of available studies are targeting the wheat microbiome, which is closely followed by studies on maize and rice. There is a substantial gap, in terms of published studies, addressing the barley microbiome. Overall, the focus of most microbiome studies on cereal plants is on the below-ground microbial communities, and there is more research on bacteria than on fungi and archaea. A meta-analysis conducted in the frame of this review highlights microbiome similarities across different cereal plants. Our review also provides an outlook on how the plant microbiota could be harnessed to improve sustainability of cereal crop production.
植物微生物群发挥着与宿主健康、适应性和生产力相关的各种关键功能。在过去几年中，植物微生物组研究的数量持续稳步增长。技术进步不仅使我们能够生成不断增加的数据集，还能从中提取更多信息，以增进我们对植物 - 微生物相互作用的理解。不断增长的知识库具有巨大潜力，可用于改进基于微生物组的可持续农业实践，而目前人们对这些实践了解甚少，有待进一步发展。谷类植物是世界上很大一部分人口的主食，因此经常被纳入微生物组研究。在本综述中，我们进行了广泛的文献研究，以反映四种最常见栽培谷类植物微生物组的当前知识状态。我们发现，目前大多数现有研究针对的是小麦微生物组，其次是对玉米和水稻的研究。在已发表的研究方面，针对大麦微生物组的研究存在很大差距。总体而言，大多数谷类植物微生物组研究的重点是地下微生物群落，并且对细菌的研究比对真菌和古菌的研究更多。在本综述框架内进行的一项荟萃分析突出了不同谷类植物微生物组之间的相似性。我们的综述还展望了如何利用植物微生物群来提高谷类作物生产的可持续性。
