解析：原文中“methamphetamine use disorder”为“冰毒使用障碍”，这是一种医学专业词汇，在中文中通常会被翻译为“冰毒使用障碍”或“甲基苯丙胺使用障碍”。
Decomposing risky decision-making in methamphetamine use disorder: Behavioral updating and D2 dopamine receptors.
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Jane and Terry Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
Veterans Administration of Greater Los Angeles Health System, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA; Department of Physics, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
出版信息
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2023 May 1;246:109860. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.109860. Epub 2023 Mar 29.
BACKGROUND
Escalating misuse of amphetamine-type stimulants, mainly methamphetamine, has led to a staggering rise in associated overdose deaths and a pressing need to understand the basis of methamphetamine use disorder (MUD). MUD is characterized by disadvantageous decision-making, and people with MUD perform below controls on the Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), a laboratory test of decision-making under uncertainty. The BART presents a series of choices with progressively higher stakes-greater risk of loss and greater potential monetary reward. This research aimed to clarify whether impaired behavioral updating contributes to maladaptive performance on the BART.
METHODS
Two groups (28 drug-abstinent participants with MUD and 16 healthy control participants) were compared on BART performance. Using a computational model, we deconstructed behavior into risk-taking and behavioral updating. A subset of participants (22 MUD, 15 healthy control) underwent [F]fallypride positron emission tomography scans to measure dopamine D2-type receptor availability (BPND) in the striatum (caudate and accumbens nuclei and putamen) and the globus pallidus.
RESULTS
Participants with MUD exhibited slower behavioral updating than the healthy controls (p = 0.0004, d=1.77). BPND in all four bilateral volumes of interest were higher in the healthy control group (ps < 0.005, ds < 2.16), and updating rate correlated positively with BPND in the caudate nucleus (p = 0.002), putamen (p = 0.002), and globus pallidus (p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate that behavioral updating contributes to maladaptive decision-making in MUD and suggest that dysregulation of D2-type receptor signaling in the striatum and globus pallidus contributes to this behavioral deficit.
背景
苯丙胺类兴奋剂（主要是甲基苯丙胺）的滥用不断升级，导致与过量使用相关的死亡人数惊人增加，迫切需要了解甲基苯丙胺使用障碍（MUD）的基础。MUD 的特征是决策不当，MUD 患者在不确定条件下的决策实验室测试——气球模拟风险任务（BART）上的表现低于对照组。BART 呈现一系列选择，赌注逐渐增加——损失风险更大，潜在货币奖励更大。这项研究旨在阐明行为更新受损是否导致 BART 上的适应不良表现。
方法
两组（28 名戒毒的 MUD 参与者和 16 名健康对照组参与者）在 BART 表现上进行了比较。我们使用计算模型将行为分解为冒险行为和行为更新。一部分参与者（22 名 MUD，15 名健康对照组）接受了 [F]fallypride 正电子发射断层扫描，以测量纹状体（尾状核和伏隔核以及壳核）和苍白球中的多巴胺 D2 型受体可用性（BPND）。
结果
MUD 参与者的行为更新速度比健康对照组慢（p=0.0004，d=1.77）。健康对照组四个双侧感兴趣区的 BPND 均较高（p<0.005，d<2.16），更新率与尾状核（p=0.002）、壳核（p=0.002）和苍白球（p=0.03）的 BPND 呈正相关。
结论
这些发现表明，行为更新有助于 MUD 中的适应不良决策，并表明纹状体和苍白球中的 D2 型受体信号失调导致了这种行为缺陷。
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