Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadephia PA, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadephia PA, USA.
Dev Cogn Neurosci. 2023 Apr;60:101238. doi: 10.1016/j.dcn.2023.101238. Epub 2023 Mar 27.
Seminal work in the 1990's found alterations in the cerebellum of individuals with social disorders including autism spectrum disorder and schizophrenia. In neurotypical populations, distinct portions of the posterior cerebellum are consistently activated in fMRI studies of social cognition and it has been hypothesized that the cerebellum plays an essential role in social cognition, particularly in theory of mind. Here we review the lesion literature and find that the effect of cerebellar damage on social cognition is strongly linked to the age of insult, with dramatic impairments observed after prenatal insult, strong deficits observed after childhood damage, and mild and inconsistent deficits observed following damage to the adult cerebellum. To explain the developmental gradient, we propose that early in life, the forward model dominates cerebellar computations. The forward model learns and uses errors to help build schemas of our interpersonal worlds. Subsequently, we argue that once these schemas have been built up, the inverse model, which is the foundation of automatic processing, becomes dominant. We provide suggestions for how to test this, and also outline directions for future research.
20 世纪 90 年代的开创性工作发现，患有社交障碍的个体（包括自闭症谱系障碍和精神分裂症）的小脑发生了改变。在神经典型人群中，在 fMRI 研究社交认知时，小脑的后部分始终被激活，有人假设小脑在社交认知中起着至关重要的作用，特别是在心理理论中。在这里，我们回顾了损伤文献，发现小脑损伤对社会认知的影响与损伤的年龄密切相关，产前损伤后观察到明显的损伤，儿童期损伤后观察到强烈的损伤，而成年期小脑损伤后观察到轻微和不一致的损伤。为了解释这一发展梯度，我们提出，在生命早期，前馈模型主导着小脑的计算。前馈模型通过学习和使用错误来帮助构建我们人际世界的图式。随后，我们认为，一旦这些图式建立起来，作为自动处理基础的逆模型就占据主导地位。我们提供了如何测试这一点的建议，也概述了未来研究的方向。
