Ye Chen, Geng Shiyu, Zhang Yingyu, Qiu Huimin, Zhou Jie, Zeng Qi, Zhao Yafei, Wu Di, Yu Guilan, Gong Haibo, Hu Beijuan, Hong Yijiang
School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Resources and Utilization, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
Anim Microbiome. 2023 Apr 1;5(1):20. doi: 10.1186/s42523-023-00239-7.
The gut microbiota of fish confers various effects on the host, including health, nutrition, metabolism, feeding behaviour, and immune response. Environment significantly impacts the community structure of fish gut microbiota. However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the gut microbiota of bighead carp in culture systems. To demonstrate the impact of culture systems on the gut microbiome and metabolome in bighead carp and investigate a potential relationship between fish muscle quality and gut microbiota, we conducted a study using 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques on bighead carp in three culture systems.
Our study revealed significant differences in gut microbial communities and metabolic profiles among the three culture systems. We also observed conspicuous changes in muscle structure. The reservoir had higher gut microbiota diversity indices than the pond and lake. We detected significant differences in phyla and genera, such as Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, and Cyanobacteria at the phylum level, Clostridium sensu stricto 1, Macellibacteroides, Blvii28 wastewater sludge group at the genus level. Multivariate statistical models, including principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures-discriminant analysis, indicated significant differences in the metabolic profiles. Key metabolites were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways involved in "arginine biosynthesis" and "glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism". Variation partitioning analysis revealed that environmental factors, such as pH, ammonium nitrogen, and dissolved oxygen, were the primary drivers of differences in microbial communities.
Our findings demonstrate that the culture system significantly impacted the gut microbiota of bighead carp, resulting in differences in community structure, abundance, and potential metabolic functions, and altered the host's gut metabolism, especially in pathways related to amino acid metabolism. These differences were influenced substantially by environmental factors. Based on our study, we discussed the potential mechanisms by which gut microbes affect muscle quality. Overall, our study contributes to our understanding of the gut microbiota of bighead carp under different culture systems.
鱼类的肠道微生物群对宿主具有多种影响，包括健康、营养、代谢、摄食行为和免疫反应。环境对鱼类肠道微生物群的群落结构有显著影响。然而，关于养殖系统中鳙鱼肠道微生物群的综合研究较少。为了证明养殖系统对鳙鱼肠道微生物组和代谢组的影响，并研究鱼类肌肉品质与肠道微生物群之间的潜在关系，我们使用16S核糖体核糖核酸测序、气相色谱-质谱联用和液相色谱-质谱联用技术，对三种养殖系统中的鳙鱼进行了研究。
我们的研究揭示了三种养殖系统中肠道微生物群落和代谢谱的显著差异。我们还观察到肌肉结构有明显变化。水库养殖的鳙鱼肠道微生物群多样性指数高于池塘和湖泊养殖的。我们在门和属水平上检测到显著差异，例如在门水平上的梭杆菌门、厚壁菌门和蓝细菌门，在属水平上的严格梭菌属1、类杆菌属、Blvii28废水污泥组。包括主成分分析和正交投影到潜在结构-判别分析在内的多变量统计模型表明代谢谱存在显著差异。关键代谢物在“精氨酸生物合成”和“甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢”相关的代谢途径中显著富集。变异分配分析表明，pH值、铵态氮和溶解氧等环境因素是微生物群落差异的主要驱动因素。
我们的研究结果表明，养殖系统对鳙鱼肠道微生物群有显著影响，导致群落结构、丰度和潜在代谢功能的差异，并改变了宿主的肠道代谢，特别是与氨基酸代谢相关的途径。这些差异受到环境因素很大影响。基于我们的研究讨论了肠道微生物影响肌肉品质的潜在机制。总体而言，我们的研究有助于我们了解不同养殖系统下鳙鱼的肠道微生物群。
