Business Department, Atilim University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Department of Business Administration, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye.
Front Public Health. 2023 Mar 17;11:1125975. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125975. eCollection 2023.
Health expenditures are a factor that reflects the government's public health policy and contributes to the protection of national health. Therefore, this study focuses on measuring the effectiveness of health expenditures in order to evaluate and improve the public health system and policy during the pandemic period.
In order to examine the effectiveness of health expenditures, the behaviors of the pandemic process were analyzed in two stages. The number of daily cases is analyzed in the first stage by dividing it into waves and phases according to the transmission coefficient (R). For this classification, the discrete cumulative Fourier function estimation is used. In the second stage, the unit root test method was used to estimate the stationarity of the number of cases in order to examine whether the countries made effective health expenditures according to waves and phases. The series being stationary indicates that the cases are predictable and that health expenditure is efficient. Data consists of daily cases from February 2020 to November 2021 for 5 OECD countries.
The general results are shown that cases cannot be predicted, especially in the first stage of the pandemic. In the relaxation phase and at the beginning of the second wave, the countries that were seriously affected by the epidemic started to control the number of cas es by taking adequate measures, thus increasing the efficiency of their health systems. The common feature of all the countries we examined is that phase 1, which represents the beginning of the waves, is not stationary. After the waves fade, it can be concluded that the stationary number of health cases cannot be sustainable in preventing new waves' formation. It is seen that countries cannot make effective health expenditures for each wave and stage. According to these findings, the periods in which countries made effective health expenditures during the pandemic are shown.
The study aims to help countries make effective short- and long-term decisions about pandemics. The research provides a view of the effectiveness of health expenditures on the number of cases per day in 5 OECD countries during the COVID-19 Pandemic.
卫生支出是反映政府公共卫生政策的一个因素，有助于保护国家健康。因此，本研究侧重于衡量卫生支出的效果，以便在大流行期间评估和改善公共卫生系统和政策。
为了检验卫生支出的效果，在两个阶段分析了大流行过程的行为。根据传播系数 (R) 将每日病例数分为波和阶段进行分析。对于这种分类，使用离散累积傅立叶函数估计。在第二阶段，使用单位根检验方法来估计病例数的平稳性，以检验各国是否根据波和阶段进行了有效的卫生支出。序列平稳表明病例是可预测的，卫生支出是有效的。数据包括 5 个经合组织国家从 2020 年 2 月到 2021 年 11 月的每日病例数。
总体结果表明，病例无法预测，特别是在大流行的第一阶段。在放松阶段和第二波开始时，受疫情严重影响的国家开始采取充分措施控制病例数量，从而提高卫生系统的效率。我们研究的所有国家的共同特点是，代表波开始的第 1 阶段是非平稳的。在波消退后，可以得出结论，在预防新波形成方面，可持续的健康案例数量是不可能的。可以看出，各国无法为每个波和阶段进行有效的卫生支出。根据这些发现，显示了各国在大流行期间进行有效卫生支出的时期。
本研究旨在帮助各国在大流行期间做出有效的短期和长期决策。该研究提供了一种观点，即观察 5 个经合组织国家在 COVID-19 大流行期间，卫生支出对每日病例数的影响。
