Zhao Zonglei, Wang Xixiu, Ding Yan, Cao Xuefeng, Zhang Xingyuan
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, Shandong, China.
Front Oncol. 2023 Mar 17;13:1117642. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1117642. eCollection 2023.
The structural maintenance of chromosome 4 (SMC4) is a member of the ATPase family of chromosomes. The most widely reported function of SMC4, as well as the remaining subunits of whole condensin complexes, is compression and dissociation of sister chromatids, DNA damage repair, DNA recombination, and pervasive transcription of the genome. Studies have also shown that SMC4 plays an exceedingly essential role in the division cycle of embryonic cells, such as RNA splicing, DNA metabolic process, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix. On the other hand, SMC4 is also a positive regulator of the inflammatory innate immune response, while excessive innate immune responses not only disrupt immune homeostasis and may lead to autoimmune diseases, but even cancer. To further understand the expression and prognostic value of SMC4 in tumors, we provide an in-depth review of the literature and several bioinformatic databases, for example, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), The Human Protein Atlas and Kaplan Meier plotter tools, illustrating that SMC4 plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and high expression of SMC4 seems to consistently predict worse overall survival. In conclusion, we present this review which introduces the structure, biological function of SMC4, and its correlation with the tumor in detail; it might provide new insight into a novel tumor prognostic marker and potential tumor therapeutic target.
染色体结构维持蛋白4（SMC4）是染色体ATP酶家族的成员。SMC4以及整个凝聚素复合物的其余亚基最广泛报道的功能是姐妹染色单体的压缩和解离、DNA损伤修复、DNA重组以及基因组的广泛转录。研究还表明，SMC4在胚胎细胞的分裂周期中发挥着极其重要的作用，如RNA剪接、DNA代谢过程、细胞黏附以及细胞外基质。另一方面，SMC4也是炎症性先天免疫反应的正调节因子，而过度的先天免疫反应不仅会破坏免疫稳态，可能导致自身免疫性疾病，甚至会引发癌症。为了进一步了解SMC4在肿瘤中的表达及预后价值，我们对文献以及几个生物信息数据库进行了深入综述，例如癌症基因组图谱（TCGA）、基因型-组织表达（GTEx）、临床蛋白质组肿瘤分析联盟（CPTAC）、人类蛋白质图谱以及Kaplan Meier绘图工具，结果表明SMC4在肿瘤的发生和发展中起着至关重要的作用，并且SMC4的高表达似乎始终预示着较差的总生存期。总之，我们撰写了这篇综述，详细介绍了SMC4的结构、生物学功能及其与肿瘤的相关性；它可能为新型肿瘤预后标志物和潜在的肿瘤治疗靶点提供新的见解。
