Rage Mohamed, Mohamed Mohamed, Nor Mohammed A, Abdi Nawal, Akplor Jerry J, Yarrarapu Siva Naga S, Shah Parth, Iskander Beshoy
Internal Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, CHN.
Internal Medicine, Norman Bethune Health Science Center of Jilin University, Jilin, CHN.
Cureus. 2023 Feb 28;15(2):e35612. doi: 10.7759/cureus.35612. eCollection 2023 Feb.
The incidence of cardiomyopathy in athletes contributes significantly to the public health burden in developing countries. Most effective management strategies primarily rely on the modification of risk factors, and it is less expensive compared to other advanced investigations. Moreover, limited data is available concerning the incidence of adverse events including cardiac arrest and the strategies to prevent them, especially in this population subset. Therefore, devising preventative strategies that can easily be implemented in athletes and provide a cost-effective approach is warranted. We aim to discuss the incidence of major adverse cardiac events in athletes with cardiomyopathies and their associated risk factors and to evaluate the various strategies proposed to prevent the progression of cardiomyopathy in this population, with the initial hypothesis that the treatment of these pathologies poses a substantial challenge in this population. With regard to methodology, this is a narrative review. Search terms were described using the Population, Exposure, and Outcome (PEO) framework. A comprehensive search strategy was used to screen and identify any relevant literature in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases. This was done in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) protocol. Four studies were identified in the final analysis. The incidence of sudden cardiac arrest varied between 0.3% and 0.33% among the athletes affected with cardiomyopathies. Routine and pre-participation screening has shown success in reducing the incidence of sudden cardiac death in athletes as a result of undiagnosed cardiomyopathies. Supervised exercise regimes have been proposed to reduce the incidence of cardiomyopathy in athletes. Beyond identification strategies, the prevention of cardiomyopathies revolves around the modification of risk factors. To conclude, the challenges athletes face, suffering from cardiomyopathy, have been an ongoing issue with unexpected cardiac arrest as the end result. Despite the decreased incidence of cardiomyopathies observed in athletes, the challenge in diagnosis can result in catastrophic outcomes, especially in developing countries. Therefore, adopting prevention strategies can have a profound impact on the identification and management of these pathologies.
运动员中心肌病的发病率对发展中国家的公共卫生负担有重大影响。大多数有效的管理策略主要依赖于风险因素的调整，并且与其他先进的检查相比成本较低。此外，关于包括心脏骤停在内的不良事件的发生率以及预防这些事件的策略的数据有限，尤其是在这一人群亚组中。因此，制定能够在运动员中轻松实施并提供具有成本效益方法的预防策略是必要的。我们旨在讨论患有心肌病的运动员中主要不良心脏事件的发生率及其相关风险因素，并评估为预防该人群中心肌病进展而提出的各种策略，最初的假设是在这一人群中治疗这些病症面临重大挑战。关于方法，这是一篇叙述性综述。使用人群、暴露和结果（PEO）框架描述检索词。采用全面的检索策略在PubMed和谷歌学术数据库中筛选和识别任何相关文献。这是根据系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）方案进行的。最终分析中确定了四项研究。在患有心肌病的运动员中，心脏骤停的发生率在0.3%至0.33%之间。常规和赛前筛查已成功降低了因未确诊心肌病导致的运动员心源性猝死的发生率。有人提出采用有监督的运动方案来降低运动员中心肌病的发生率。除了识别策略外，心肌病的预防还围绕着风险因素的调整。总之，患有心肌病的运动员面临的挑战一直存在，最终可能导致意外的心脏骤停。尽管观察到运动员中心肌病的发病率有所下降，但诊断方面的挑战可能导致灾难性后果，尤其是在发展中国家。因此，采用预防策略可能会对这些病症的识别和管理产生深远影响。
