Usman Muhammad, Khan Talha, Riaz Fahid, Ijaz Malik Muhammad Ali, Amjad Muhammad Tahir, Shah Muhammad Haris, Ashraf Waqar Muhammad, Krzywanski Jaroslaw, Nowak Wojciech
Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Engineering and Technology, G.T. Road, 54890 Lahore, Pakistan.
Mechanical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, P.O. Box 59911 Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
ACS Omega. 2023 Mar 13;8(12):11267-11280. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c08271. eCollection 2023 Mar 28.
The disproportionate use of petroleum products and stringent exhaust emissions has emphasized the need for alternative green fuels. Although several studies have been conducted to ascertain the performance of acetone-gasoline blends in spark-ignition (SI) engines, limited work has been done to determine the influence of fuel on lubricant oil deterioration. The current study fills the gap through lubricant oil testing by running the engine for 120 h on pure gasoline (G) and gasoline with 10% by volume acetone (A10). Compared to gasoline, A10 produced better results in 11.74 and 12.05% higher brake power (BP) and brake thermal efficiency (BTE), respectively, at a 6.72% lower brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC). The blended fuel A10 produced 56.54, 33.67, and 50% lower CO, CO, and HC emissions. However, gasoline remained competitive due to lower oil deterioration than A10. The flash-point and kinematic viscosity, compared to fresh oil, decreased by 19.63 and 27.43% for G and 15.73 and 20.57% for A10, respectively. Similarly, G and A10 showed a decrease in total base number (TBN) by 17.98 and 31.46%, respectively. However, A10 is more detrimental to lubricating oil due to a 12, 5, 15, and 30% increase in metallic particles like aluminum, chromium, copper, and iron, respectively, compared to fresh oil. Performance additives like calcium and phosphorous in lubricant oil for A10 decreased by 10.04 and 4.04% in comparison to gasoline, respectively. The concentration of zinc was found to be 18.78% higher in A10 when compared with gasoline. A higher proportion of water molecules and metal particles were found in lubricant oil for A10.
石油产品的过度使用和严格的尾气排放凸显了对替代绿色燃料的需求。尽管已经进行了多项研究来确定丙酮 - 汽油混合燃料在火花点火（SI）发动机中的性能，但在确定燃料对润滑油劣化的影响方面所做的工作有限。当前的研究通过在纯汽油（G）和含10%（体积）丙酮的汽油（A10）上运行发动机120小时进行润滑油测试来填补这一空白。与汽油相比，A10在制动功率（BP）和制动热效率（BTE）方面分别产生了更好的结果，分别提高了11.74%和12.05%，而制动比油耗（BSFC）降低了6.72%。混合燃料A10产生的一氧化碳（CO）、二氧化碳（这里原文有误，应该是二氧化碳，按正确的翻译）和碳氢化合物（HC）排放量分别降低了56.54%、33.67%和50%。然而，由于汽油的油劣化程度低于A10，汽油仍具有竞争力。与新鲜油相比，G的闪点和运动粘度分别下降了19.63%和27.43%，A10的分别下降了15.73%和20.57%。同样，G和A10的总碱值（TBN）分别下降了17.98%和31.46%。然而，与新鲜油相比，A10对润滑油的损害更大，因为铝、铬、铜和铁等金属颗粒分别增加了12%、5%、15%和30%。与汽油相比，A10润滑油中钙和磷等性能添加剂分别下降了10.04%和4.04%。发现A10中的锌浓度比汽油高18.78%。在A10的润滑油中发现了更高比例的水分子和金属颗粒。
