Kilama Justine, Yakir Yoav, Shaani Yoav, Adin Gaby, Kaadan Samir, Wagali Philip, Sabastian Chris, Ngomuo Godliver, Mabjeesh Sameer J
Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel.
Extension Service, Department of Animal Production, Cattle Division, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Israel.
Heliyon. 2023 Mar 21;9(3):e14581. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14581. eCollection 2023 Mar.
The global demand for animal-based products is rising in the face of dwindling feed resources, and yet a huge pool of agro-industrial by-products (AIBPs) are generated, underutilized, and improperly deposited to landfills leading to environmental pollution. Ruminants have a special microbiome that can bioprocess and convert human inedible fibrous material into meat and milk, which appears as a great opportunity to simultaneously reduce pollution while promoting food security. In this study, we collected 15 domestically produced AIBPs from various regions of Israel during both winter and summer seasons to examine their potential as ruminant feed alternatives. We evaluated their storability, nutritional composition, and in vitro digestibility and performed a hierarchical cluster analysis to categorize them based on their distinctive nutritional characteristics. Among the 15 AIBPs, 8 have rich essential nutrients, and minerals, and have excellent in vitro digestibility, but they have less than 6 days of storability and develop off-odours. Out of 15 AIBPs; 8 have low dry matter (DM) content, ranging from 4.7% to 30.45% while the remaining 7 AIBPs have high DM, ranging from 50.6% to 98.6%. The high crude protein (CP) category included 6 AIBPs with CP ranging from 19.7% in beer pulp to 32.1% in jojoba cake. Starch content was high in 3 AIBPs ranging from 33.7% in timorim mix to 65.2% in Irish potato culls. Considerable crude fat content was reported in 4 AIBPs, the highest being yoghurt waste with 42.8%. In terms of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 5 AIBPs had low NDF content ranging from 0% to 14.1%; 5 AIBPs had moderate concentration ranging from 34.3% to 50.7%, and 5 AIBPs had high levels between 66.6% and 82.8%. Interestingly, 10/15 AIBPs had medium to high in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). This study, therefore, suggests that recycling AIPBs for livestock nutrition has enormous potential that is still underutilized and offers excellent ways to gain socioeconomic and environmental benefits by expanding animal feed resources and reducing feed-food competition, and landfill burden. However, additional studies are necessary to focus on affordable storage technology to prolong the storability of AIBPs and feeding trials to determine the productive performance of livestock fed an AIBPs-based diet.
面对饲料资源日益减少的情况，全球对动物源性产品的需求却在不断上升，与此同时，大量农业工业副产品（AIBPs）被产生、未得到充分利用且被不当倾倒至垃圾填埋场，从而导致环境污染。反刍动物具有特殊的微生物群，能够对人类不可食用的纤维材料进行生物加工并转化为肉和奶，这似乎是一个既能减少污染又能促进粮食安全的绝佳机会。在本研究中，我们在冬季和夏季从以色列不同地区收集了15种国产AIBPs，以检验它们作为反刍动物饲料替代品的潜力。我们评估了它们的可储存性、营养成分和体外消化率，并进行了层次聚类分析，根据其独特的营养特征对它们进行分类。在这15种AIBPs中，8种含有丰富的必需营养素和矿物质，且具有出色的体外消化率，但它们的可储存性不足6天，并且会产生异味。在15种AIBPs中，8种的干物质（DM）含量较低，在4.7%至30.45%之间，而其余7种AIBPs的DM含量较高，在50.6%至98.6%之间。粗蛋白（CP）含量高的类别包括6种AIBPs，CP含量从啤酒渣中的19.7%到荷荷巴饼中的32.1%不等。3种AIBPs的淀粉含量较高，从帝汶混合料中的33.7%到爱尔兰淘汰马铃薯中的65.2%不等。4种AIBPs的粗脂肪含量相当可观，最高的是酸奶废料，为42.8%。就中性洗涤纤维（NDF）而言，5种AIBPs的NDF含量较低，在0%至14.1%之间；5种AIBPs的浓度适中，在34.3%至50.7%之间，5种AIBPs的含量较高，在66.6%至82.8%之间。有趣的是，15种AIBPs中有10种具有中到高的体外干物质消化率（IVDMD）。因此，本研究表明，将AIPBs回收用于牲畜营养具有巨大的潜力，目前仍未得到充分利用，并且通过扩大动物饲料资源、减少饲料与粮食的竞争以及减轻垃圾填埋负担，提供了获得社会经济和环境效益的绝佳途径。然而，还需要进行更多研究，重点关注经济实惠的储存技术以延长AIBPs的可储存性，并进行饲养试验以确定饲喂基于AIBPs的日粮对牲畜生产性能的影响。
