Tiwari Utsav P, Jha Rajesh
Department of Human Nutrition, Food and Animal Sciences, College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
Anim Nutr. 2016 Dec;2(4):357-360. doi: 10.1016/j.aninu.2016.07.004. Epub 2016 Jul 26.
Exploring and evaluating alternative feed ingredients to be used in swine diet is essential due to highly variable cost and limited availability of conventional feed ingredients. Tubers and agro-industrial coproducts could provide the basis for producing affordable swine feed. However, information on the nutritional value of these potential alternative feedstuffs is necessary while considering their use in swine feeding program. Four tubers (purple sweet potato [PSP], okinawan sweet potato, taro and cassava) and 3 coproducts (okara, wheat millrun [WMR] and barley brewers grain [BBG]) were analyzed for their proximate nutrients, starch, fibers and gross energy (GE) content. Two independent studies were carried out for tubers and coproducts to determine their nutrients digestibility using a 3-step enzymatic assay (which mimics the digestion occurring in the gastrointestinal tract of swine) with 9 replicates of each sample digested in 3 batches equally. All replicate samples were used to determine dry matter digestibility (IVDDM) while 2 replicates from each batch were used to determine GE digestibility (IVDGE). Among tubers, CP content was the highest in taro (8.8%) and the lowest in cassava (3.7%), while CP content among coproducts was the highest in okara (22.7%) and the lowest in WMR (11.8%). Ether extract content among tubers ranged from 1.1% to 2.8%. The GE content among tubers, ranged from 4,134 to 4,334 kcal/kg whereas among coproducts it ranged from 4,270 to 4,794 kcal/kg. Among tubers, IVDDM for PSP was significantly higher (86.8%, < 0.001) than taro (70.3%). Among coproducts, IVDDM of okara (74.1%) was significantly higher ( < 0.05) than BBG (61.3%). In conclusion, both tubers and coproducts can be used as a partial substitute of conventional energy feedstuffs in swine diets as these are rich in GE and other nutrients and are fairly digestible.
由于传统饲料原料成本变化很大且供应有限，探索和评估猪日粮中可使用的替代饲料原料至关重要。块茎和农产品加工副产品可为生产经济实惠的猪饲料提供基础。然而，在考虑将这些潜在的替代饲料用于猪饲养计划时，了解这些饲料原料的营养价值是必要的。对四种块茎（紫薯、冲绳甘薯、芋头和木薯）和三种副产品（豆渣、小麦磨粉副产品[WMR]和大麦啤酒糟[BBG]）的常规养分、淀粉、纤维和总能（GE）含量进行了分析。针对块茎和副产品分别开展了两项独立研究，采用三步酶法测定（模拟猪胃肠道内发生的消化过程）来确定它们的养分消化率，每个样品分3批进行消化，每批9个重复。所有重复样品均用于测定干物质消化率（IVDDM），每批中的2个重复用于测定总能消化率（IVDGE）。在块茎中，芋头的粗蛋白（CP）含量最高（8.8%），木薯最低（3.7%），而在副产品中，豆渣的CP含量最高（22.7%），WMR最低（11.8%）。块茎中的乙醚提取物含量在1.1%至2.8%之间。块茎中的GE含量在4134至4334千卡/千克之间，而副产品中的GE含量在4270至4794千卡/千克之间。在块茎中，紫薯的IVDDM显著高于芋头（86.8%，<0.001；70.3%）。在副产品中，豆渣的IVDDM（74.1%）显著高于BBG（61.3%）（<0.05）。总之，块茎和副产品均可作为猪日粮中传统能量饲料的部分替代品，因为它们富含GE和其他养分，且消化率较高。
