Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Chair of Plant Breeding, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 3, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Betty-Heimann-Str. 5, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
J Exp Bot. 2023 Jun 27;74(12):3630-3650. doi: 10.1093/jxb/erad127.
EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) is an important regulator of various physiological and developmental processes and hence may serve to improve plant adaptation which will be essential for future plant breeding. To expand the limited knowledge on barley ELF3 in determining agronomic traits, we conducted field studies with heterogeneous inbred families (HIFs) derived from selected lines of the wild barley nested association mapping population HEB-25. During two growing seasons, phenotypes of nearly isogenic HIF sister lines, segregating for exotic and cultivated alleles at the ELF3 locus, were compared for 10 developmental and yield-related traits. We determine novel exotic ELF3 alleles and show that HIF lines, carrying the exotic ELF3 allele, accelerated plant development compared with the cultivated ELF3 allele, depending on the genetic background. Remarkably, the most extreme effects on phenology could be attributed to one exotic ELF3 allele differing from the cultivated Barke ELF3 allele in only one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). This SNP causes an amino acid substitution (W669G), which as predicted has an impact on the protein structure of ELF3. Consequently, it may affect phase separation behaviour and nano-compartment formation of ELF3 and, potentially, also its local cellular interactions causing significant trait differences between HIF sister lines.
早期开花 3（ELF3）是各种生理和发育过程的重要调节剂，因此可能有助于提高植物的适应性，这对于未来的植物育种至关重要。为了扩大大麦 ELF3 在决定农艺性状方面的有限知识，我们利用来自嵌套关联图谱群体 HEB-25 的选定系的异质自交系（HIF）进行了田间研究。在两个生长季节，在 ELF3 基因座上分离出外来和栽培等位基因的近等基因 HIF 姐妹系的表型进行了比较，比较了 10 个与发育和产量相关的性状。我们确定了新的外来 ELF3 等位基因，并表明携带外来 ELF3 等位基因的 HIF 系与栽培的 ELF3 等位基因相比，发育速度加快，这取决于遗传背景。值得注意的是，对物候的最极端影响可归因于一个外来的 ELF3 等位基因与栽培的 Barke ELF3 等位基因仅在一个单核苷酸多态性（SNP）上有所不同。该 SNP 导致一个氨基酸取代（W669G），正如预测的那样，这会影响 ELF3 的蛋白质结构。因此，它可能会影响 ELF3 的相分离行为和纳米区室形成，并且可能还会影响其局部细胞相互作用，从而导致 HIF 姐妹系之间存在显著的性状差异。
