Gacek Maria, Wojtowicz Agnieszka, Kosiba Grażyna, Majer Magdalena, Gradek Joanna
Department of Sports Medicine and Human Nutrition, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Physical Education, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Psychology, Institute of Social Sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2023;74(1):31-40. doi: 10.32394/rpzh.2023.0240.
Body Mass Index (BMI) is dependent on, among others, diet and level of physical activity. Seniors are more prone to nutritional disorders than other population groups.
The aim of the study was to analyse the relationship between BMI and nutritional behaviours as well as the functional fitness level of senior women.
The research was carried out among a group of 120 women aged 60-84, using the TANITA SC-330ST body composition analyser, the HOLTAIN anthropometer, the Fullerton Functional Fitness Test and the authordesigned nutritional behaviour questionnaire for seniors. Statistical analyses were conducted using the IBM SPSS 21 statistical package, applying the Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA tests with comparisons of z tests at the significance level p<0.05.
In terms of the relationship between BMI and functional fitness indices, it was shown that women with normal weight obtained higher results for the lower body (p=0.043) and upper body agility tests than obese women (p<0.001). Females with normal BMI also obtained higher results in the endurance test than the overweight women (p=0.038). In terms of the correlation between BMI and nutritional behaviours, it was demonstrated that women with a healthy body mass more often ate varied, low-volume meals than those overweight (p=0.026). Women with correct weight ate fish, eggs and lean meat more often than obese women (p=0.036). Obese women consumed 3-5 portions of fruit and vegetables less frequently during the day than women with normal body mass (p=0.029) and those overweight (p=0.015). Obese women were less likely to eat sea fish at least 1-2 times a week than overweight females (p=0.040) and those with normal BMI (p<0.001). At the same time, women with a normal BMI indicated a higher degree of performed daily physical activity than the overweight women (p=0.028) and those with obesity (p=0.030).
Women with normal BMI presented more rational nutrition habits and higher functional fitness than overweight and obese senior women.
体重指数（BMI）尤其取决于饮食和身体活动水平。老年人比其他人群更容易出现营养失调。
本研究的目的是分析BMI与营养行为以及老年女性功能健康水平之间的关系。
对120名年龄在60 - 84岁的女性进行了研究，使用了百利达SC - 330ST人体成分分析仪、霍尔坦人体测量仪、富勒顿功能健康测试以及作者设计的老年人营养行为问卷。使用IBM SPSS 21统计软件包进行统计分析，应用Kruskal - Wallis方差分析测试，并在显著性水平p<0.05下进行z检验比较。
就BMI与功能健康指标之间的关系而言，结果表明，体重正常的女性在下半身（p = 0.043）和上半身敏捷性测试中的得分高于肥胖女性（p<0.001）。BMI正常的女性在耐力测试中的得分也高于超重女性（p = 0.038）。就BMI与营养行为之间的相关性而言，结果表明，身体健康的女性比超重女性更经常食用种类多样、量少的餐食（p = 0.026）。体重正常的女性比肥胖女性更经常食用鱼、蛋和瘦肉（p = 0.036）。肥胖女性白天食用3 - 5份水果和蔬菜的频率低于体重正常的女性（p = 0.029）和超重女性（p = 0.015）。肥胖女性每周至少吃1 - 2次海鱼的可能性低于超重女性（p = 0.040）和BMI正常的女性（p<0.001）。同时，BMI正常的女性表明其日常身体活动程度高于超重女性（p = 0.028）和肥胖女性（p = 0.030）。
BMI正常的女性比超重和肥胖的老年女性呈现出更合理的营养习惯和更高的功能健康水平。
