Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
Inflammopharmacology. 2023 Aug;31(4):1879-1892. doi: 10.1007/s10787-023-01207-y. Epub 2023 Apr 3.
People of Pakistan have undisturbed customs for the employment of medicinal plants for healthcare requisites. Chloroform extract of F. hygrometrica (CE FH) was examined for its ability to reduce inflammation and to produce analgesia. Carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema model for inflammatory activity, hot-plate and tail-flick methods to assess analgesic activity were executed. Phytochemical analysis was done by UHPLC-MS and GC-mass spectrometer. The results demonstrated that in carrageenan-induced paw edema, maximum reduction in inflammation was observed at 5th hour at the dose 100 mg/kg; while at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg, maximum response was observed at 5th and 6th hours. Analgesic activity results indicated that maximum analgesia was observed up to 120 min at 100 mg/kg, while up to 90 min in case of 250 and 500 mg/kg doses. The formalin-induced rat paw edema showed significant (p < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity after 5 days treatment. After, testing period of 10 days, the biochemical parameters such as CBC, CRP, serum enzymes like CAT, SOD, GSH and inflammatory mediators like TNF-α, IL-6, IL-4 and IL-10 were estimated. The administration of formalin resulted in an increase in the level of leucocytes, total WBC, CRP, serum enzymes and in the diameters of paw thickness, while pre-treatment with CE FH at dose levels of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg exhibited a diminution in the levels of SOD, GSH, CAT, total RBC and HB. Acute inflammatory mediators such as TNFα, IL -6 and IL-4 were reduced, and IL-10 was upregulated in the treated group as compared to the control. Many phytoconstituents, i.e., chitobiose, chlorovulone III, γ-tocotrienol, emmotin, cassine, hexacosanedioic acid, neophytadiene, fumaric acid, neophytadiene, hexadecanoic acid, phytol and stigmasterol were detected during UHPLC-MS and GC-MS analysis seems to be responsible for the said activity in correlation with the already reported data about these compounds. The results concluded that CE FH possess noteworthy anti-inflammatory and central analgesic action at different doses (100, 250 and 500 mg/kg).
巴基斯坦人民对使用药用植物来满足医疗保健需求有着悠久的传统。本研究旨在评估 F. hygrometrica 的氯仿提取物（CE FH）在抗炎和产生镇痛方面的能力。采用角叉菜胶和福氏佐剂诱导的爪肿胀模型来评估炎症活性，采用热板和尾巴闪烁法来评估镇痛活性。通过 UHPLC-MS 和 GC-MS 进行植物化学分析。结果表明，在角叉菜胶诱导的爪肿胀模型中，在 100mg/kg 剂量下，第 5 小时观察到最大的炎症减轻；而在 250mg/kg 和 500mg/kg 剂量下，第 5 小时和第 6 小时观察到最大的反应。镇痛活性结果表明，在 100mg/kg 剂量下，最大镇痛作用可持续至 120 分钟，而在 250mg/kg 和 500mg/kg 剂量下，最大镇痛作用可持续至 90 分钟。福氏佐剂诱导的大鼠爪肿胀在 5 天治疗后表现出显著的抗炎活性（p<0.05）。经过 10 天的测试期，评估了生化参数，如全血细胞计数（CBC）、C 反应蛋白（CRP）、血清酶如过氧化氢酶（CAT）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）和炎症介质如肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、白细胞介素-4（IL-4）和白细胞介素-10（IL-10）。福氏佐剂的给药导致白细胞、总白细胞、CRP、血清酶和爪厚度直径增加，而在 100、250 和 500mg/kg 剂量下用 CE FH 预处理则降低了 SOD、GSH、CAT、总红细胞和血红蛋白的水平。与对照组相比，急性炎症介质如 TNF-α、IL-6 和 IL-4 减少，而 IL-10 上调。在 UHPLC-MS 和 GC-MS 分析中检测到许多植物成分，如壳二糖、氯伏酮 III、γ-生育三烯醇、埃莫汀、卡西宁、十六烷二酸、新 Phytadiene、富马酸、新 Phytadiene、十六烷酸、叶绿醇和豆甾醇，这些成分似乎与已报道的这些化合物的相关数据一起，对所述活性负责。结果表明，CE FH 在不同剂量（100、250 和 500mg/kg）下具有显著的抗炎和中枢镇痛作用。
