Punjab University College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical and Allied Health Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan.
Inflammopharmacology. 2024 Apr;32(2):1187-1201. doi: 10.1007/s10787-024-01430-1. Epub 2024 Feb 17.
Atriplex crassifolia (A. crassifolia) is a locally occurring member of Chenopodiaceae family that has been used in folk medicine for the treatment of joint pain and inflammation. The present study was focused to determine the analgesic and anti-inflammatory potential of the plant. n-hexane (ACNH) and methanol (ACM) extracts of A. crassifolia were evaluated for in vitro anti-inflammatory potential using protein denaturation inhibition assay. In vivo anti-inflammatory potential was determined by oral administration of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg/day of extracts against carrageenan and formalin-induced paw edema models. Inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-10, IL-1β, NF-kB, IL-4, and IL-6 were estimated in blood samples of animals subjected to formalin model of inflammation. Analgesic activity was determined using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail flick assay model. Phytochemical profiling was done by GC-mass spectrophotometer. The results of in vitro anti-inflammatory activity revealed that both ACNH and ACM displayed eminent inhibition of protein denaturation in concentration-dependent manner. In acute in vivo carrageenan-induced paw edema model, both extracts reduced inflammation at 5th and 6th hour of study (p < 0.05). A. crassifolia extracts exhibited significant inhibition against formalin-induced inflammation with maximum effect at 1000 mg/kg. ACNH and ACM significantly augmented the inflammatory mediators (p < 0.05). Levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and NF-kB were reduced, while those of IL-4 and IL-10 were upregulated. ACNH displayed maximum analgesic effect at 1000 mg/kg, while ACM showed potent activity at 500 and 1000 mg/kg. The extracts restored the CBC, TLC and CRP toward normal. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of compounds like n-hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, (9E,11E)-octadecadienoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl) ethyl ester, 1-hexacosene, vitamin E, campesterol, stigmasterol, gamma sitosterol in both extracts. These compounds have been reported to suppress inflammation by inhibiting inflammatory cytokines. The current study concludes that A. crassifolia possesses significant anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory potential owing to the presence of phytochemicals.
盐角草（A. crassifolia）是藜科的一种本地植物，民间医学用于治疗关节疼痛和炎症。本研究旨在确定该植物的镇痛和抗炎潜力。使用蛋白质变性抑制试验评估盐角草的正己烷（ACNH）和甲醇（ACM）提取物的体外抗炎潜力。通过口服 250、500 和 1000mg/kg/天的提取物，在角叉菜胶和福尔马林诱导的爪肿胀模型中测定体内抗炎潜力。在福尔马林诱导的炎症模型中，测定动物血液样本中的炎症介质如 TNF-α、IL-10、IL-1β、NF-kB、IL-4 和 IL-6。使用醋酸诱导的扭体和尾巴拍打试验模型测定镇痛活性。通过 GC-质谱光谱仪进行植物化学分析。体外抗炎活性结果表明，ACNH 和 ACM 均以浓度依赖的方式显著抑制蛋白质变性。在急性体内角叉菜胶诱导的爪肿胀模型中，两种提取物均在研究的第 5 和第 6 小时减轻炎症（p<0.05）。盐角草提取物对福尔马林诱导的炎症表现出显著的抑制作用，在 1000mg/kg 时效果最大。ACNH 和 ACM 显著增加了炎症介质（p<0.05）。TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β 和 NF-kB 的水平降低，而 IL-4 和 IL-10 的水平升高。ACNH 在 1000mg/kg 时显示出最大的镇痛作用，而 ACM 在 500 和 1000mg/kg 时表现出较强的活性。提取物使 CBC、TLC 和 CRP 恢复正常。GC-MS 分析表明，两种提取物中均存在正十六烷酸、植醇、（9E，11E）-十八碳二烯酸、2-羟基-1-（羟甲基）乙基酯、1-二十六烷烯、维生素 E、菜油甾醇、豆甾醇、γ-谷甾醇等化合物。这些化合物已被报道通过抑制炎症细胞因子来抑制炎症。本研究得出结论，盐角草由于含有植物化学物质，具有显著的抗伤害感受和抗炎潜力。
