Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2023 Apr;117:109968. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109968. Epub 2023 Mar 2.
It has been more than three years since the first emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and millions of lives have been taken to date. Like most pandemics caused by viral infections, massive public vaccination is the most promising approach to cease COVID-19 infection. In this regard, several vaccine platforms including inactivated virus, nucleic acid-based (mRNA and DNA vaccines), adenovirus-based, and protein-based vaccines have been designed and developed for COVID-19 prevention and many of them have received FDA or WHO approval. Fortunately, after global vaccination, the transmission rate, disease severity, and mortality rate of COVID-19 infection have diminished significantly. However, a rapid increase in COVID-19 cases due to the omicron variant in vaccinated countries has raised concerns about the effectiveness of these vaccines. In this review, articles published between January 2020 and January 2023 were reviewed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science search engines with appropriate related keywords. The related papers were selected and discussed in detail. The current review mainly focuses on the effectiveness and safety of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants. Along with discussing the available and approved vaccines, characteristics of different variants of COVID-19 have also been discussed in brief. Finally, the currently circulating COVID-19 variant i.e Omicron, along with the effectiveness of available COVID-19 vaccines against these new variants are discussed in detail. In conclusion, based on the available data, administration of newly developed bivalent mRNA COVID-19 vaccines, as booster shots, would be crucial to prevent further circulation of the newly developed variants.
自 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）首次出现以来，已经过去了三年多，目前已有数百万人因此丧生。与大多数由病毒感染引起的大流行一样，大规模公众接种疫苗是停止 COVID-19 感染最有希望的方法。在这方面，已经设计和开发了几种疫苗平台用于 COVID-19 预防，包括灭活病毒、基于核酸（mRNA 和 DNA 疫苗）、基于腺病毒和基于蛋白质的疫苗，其中许多已获得 FDA 或 WHO 的批准。幸运的是，在全球接种疫苗后，COVID-19 感染的传播率、疾病严重程度和死亡率显著降低。然而，在接种疫苗的国家由于奥密克戎变体导致 COVID-19 病例迅速增加，引起了人们对这些疫苗有效性的担忧。在这篇综述中，使用 PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Web of Science 搜索引擎，结合适当的相关关键词，回顾了 2020 年 1 月至 2023 年 1 月期间发表的文章。选择了相关论文并进行了详细讨论。本综述主要关注 COVID-19 疫苗对 SARS-CoV-2 变体的有效性和安全性。在讨论现有的和批准的疫苗的同时，还简要讨论了 COVID-19 的不同变体的特征。最后，详细讨论了目前流行的 COVID-19 变体即奥密克戎，以及现有的 COVID-19 疫苗对这些新变体的有效性。总之，根据现有数据，接种新开发的二价 mRNA COVID-19 疫苗作为加强针对于防止新变体的进一步传播至关重要。
