Department of Global and International Health, School of Public Health, University for Development Studies, Tamale Northern Region, Tamale, Ghana.
Ghana Health Service, Kintampo Municipal Hospital, Kintampo Bono East, Bono, Ghana.
Pan Afr Med J. 2023 Jan 11;44:19. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2023.44.19.38036. eCollection 2023.
dietary intake and optimal gestational weight gain are important factors leading to a positive outcome for both mothers and their infants. Women who consume inadequate diet and gain inadequate weight during pregnancy are at risk of bearing a baby with low birth weight, whereas those who gain excessive weight are at increased risk of preeclampsia, having macrosomal babies, and gestational diabetes. The study aimed to assess the effect of maternal dietary intake, gestational weight on birth weight among pregnant women in Tamale Metropolis.
the study was a health-facility-based analytical cross-sectional study that involved 316 postnatal mothers. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data collected were analyzed using STATA version 12. Multiple logistic regression model was estimated to determine the predictors of birth weight. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.
the study showed 17.8%, 55.9%, and 26.4% prevalence of inadequate, adequate, and excessive gestational weight gain, respectively. Although, all respondents consume supper every day, only 40.0% consumes snacks daily, 97.5% and 98.7% consumes breakfast and lunch daily respectively. Majority of the respondents (92.4%) had acceptable minimum dietary diversity. About 11.0% and 4.0% of the babies were low birth weight and macrosomic, respectively. Furthermore, the prevalence of inadequate and adequate dietary intake was, respectively, 7.6% and 92.4%. The results showed that underweight before pregnancy (BMI<18Kg/m) (AOR=8.3, 95% CI: 6.7-15.0) and inadequate weight gain during pregnancy (AOR=4.5, 95% CI: 3.9-6.5) were significant determinant of low birthweight baby.
on the whole, maternal body mass index and weight gain during pregnancy were strong predictors of low birth weight. Low birth weight is a major public health concern and the causes multifaceted in natures. Therefore, to deal with low birth weight, a more holistic and multi-sectoral approaches such as behaviour change communication and comprehensive preconception care are required.
饮食摄入和最佳妊娠体重增加是对母婴都有积极影响的重要因素。孕妇在怀孕期间饮食摄入不足和体重增加不足，可能会生下低体重儿，而体重增加过多则会增加子痫前期、胎儿过大和妊娠糖尿病的风险。本研究旨在评估塔马利大都市孕妇的母体饮食摄入和妊娠体重对出生体重的影响。
本研究是一项基于卫生机构的分析性横断面研究，涉及 316 名产后母亲。使用半结构式问卷收集数据。使用 STATA 版本 12 分析收集的数据。使用多变量逻辑回归模型确定出生体重的预测因素。统计学意义设定为 p<0.05。
研究显示，不足、适当和过多的妊娠体重增加的发生率分别为 17.8%、55.9%和 26.4%。尽管所有受访者每天都吃晚餐，但只有 40.0%的人每天吃零食，97.5%和 98.7%的人每天分别吃早餐和午餐。大多数受访者（92.4%）的最低饮食多样性可接受。约 11.0%和 4.0%的婴儿分别为低体重儿和巨大儿。此外，不足和适当饮食摄入的发生率分别为 7.6%和 92.4%。结果表明，怀孕前体重不足（BMI<18Kg/m）（AOR=8.3，95%CI：6.7-15.0）和怀孕期间体重增加不足（AOR=4.5，95%CI：3.9-6.5）是低出生体重儿的重要决定因素。
总的来说，母体体重指数和怀孕期间体重增加是低出生体重的重要预测因素。低出生体重是一个主要的公共卫生问题，其原因是多方面的。因此，为了解决低出生体重问题，需要采取更全面和多部门的方法，如行为改变沟通和全面的孕前保健。
