Department of Family Practice, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Can J Public Health. 2023 Jun;114(3):389-403. doi: 10.17269/s41997-023-00761-w. Epub 2023 Apr 4.
Having temporary immigration status affords limited rights, workplace protections, and access to services. There is not yet research data on impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic for people with temporary immigration status in Canada.
We use linked administrative data to describe SARS-CoV-2 testing, positive tests, and COVID-19 primary care service use in British Columbia from January 1, 2020 to July 31, 2021, stratified by immigration status (citizen, permanent resident, temporary resident). We plot the rates of people tested and confirmed positive for COVID-19 by week from April 19, 2020 to July 31, 2021 across immigration groups. We use logistic regression to estimate adjusted odds ratios of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test, access to testing, and primary care among people with temporary status or permanent residency, compared with people who hold citizenship.
A total of 4,146,593 people with citizenship, 914,089 people with permanent residency, and 212,215 people with temporary status were included. Among people with temporary status, 52.1% had "male" administrative sex and 74.4% were ages 20-39, compared with 50.1% and 24.4% respectively among those with citizenship. Of people with temporary status, 4.9% tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 over this period, compared with 4.0% among people with permanent residency and 2.1% among people with citizenship. Adjusted odds of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test among people with temporary status were almost 50% higher (aOR 1.42, 95% CI 1.39, 1.45), despite having half the odds of access to testing (aOR 0.53, 95% CI 0.53, 0.54) and primary care (aOR 0.50, 95% CI 0.49, 0.52).
Interwoven immigration, health, and occupational policies place people with temporary status in circumstances of precarity and higher health risk. Reducing precarity accompanying temporary status, including regularization pathways, and decoupling access to health care from immigration status can address health inequities.
临时移民身份赋予了有限的权利、工作场所保护和获得服务的机会。目前，加拿大还没有关于新冠疫情对临时移民身份者影响的研究数据。
我们使用关联的行政数据，描述了 2020 年 1 月 1 日至 2021 年 7 月 31 日不列颠哥伦比亚省的 SARS-CoV-2 检测、阳性检测和 COVID-19 初级保健服务使用情况，按移民身份（公民、永久居民、临时居民）进行分层。我们绘制了 2020 年 4 月 19 日至 2021 年 7 月 31 日期间每周接受检测和 COVID-19 检测呈阳性的人数比例，按移民群体进行划分。我们使用逻辑回归估计了临时身份或永久居民与公民相比，SARS-CoV-2 检测、获得检测和初级保健的阳性检测调整优势比。
共有 4146593 名公民、914089 名永久居民和 212215 名临时居民被纳入研究。在临时居民中，52.1%的人行政性别为“男性”，74.4%的人年龄在 20-39 岁，而公民中这两个比例分别为 50.1%和 24.4%。在这段时间内，有 4.9%的临时居民 SARS-CoV-2 检测呈阳性，而永久居民和公民的比例分别为 4.0%和 2.1%。尽管临时居民获得检测的机会只有永久居民的一半（aOR 0.53，95%CI 0.53，0.54），获得初级保健的机会也只有永久居民的一半（aOR 0.50，95%CI 0.49，0.52），但他们 SARS-CoV-2 检测呈阳性的调整优势比几乎高出 50%（aOR 1.42，95%CI 1.39，1.45）。
交织在一起的移民、健康和职业政策使临时居民处于不稳定和更高健康风险的境地。减少临时身份所带来的不稳定，包括实现身份正规化，并将获得医疗保健的机会与移民身份脱钩，可以解决健康不平等问题。
