Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Joint Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation for Environmental Quality, Jinan University, Guangzhou 511443, China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Apr 18;57(15):6119-6128. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00079. Epub 2023 Apr 5.
Synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) are a group of ubiquitous contaminants with multiple toxicities. However, current knowledge on the occurrence of SPAs in baby food and associated infant exposure is lacking. Herein, we analyzed three categories of baby food from China: infant formula, cereal, and puree, for a broad suite of 11 traditional and 19 novel SPAs. In addition to 11 traditional SPAs, up to 13 novel SPAs were detected in the baby food samples. The median concentrations of novel SPAs for infant formula, cereal, and puree were 604, 218, and 24.1 ng/g, respectively, surpassing those of traditional SPAs (53.4, 62.1, and 10.0 ng/g). The prevalent SPAs in the samples were butylated hydroxytoluene, 2,4-di--butylphenol, pentaerythritol tetrakis[3-(3,5-di--butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionate] (AO 1010), and octadecyl 3-(3,5-di--butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate (AO 1076). Source analysis indicated that the prevalence of these four SPAs in baby food was associated with contamination of packaging materials, mechanical processing, or raw ingredients. Migration experiments demonstrated that contamination of plastic packaging constituted an important source. Exposure assessment suggested that there may be no appreciable health risk posed by the SPAs in baby food. Even so, baby food consumption was still a dominant pathway for infant exposure to SPAs, with a higher contribution than breast milk consumption, dust ingestion, dermal dust absorption, and air inhalation, which requires special attention.
合成酚类抗氧化剂（SPAs）是一组具有多种毒性的普遍存在的污染物。然而，目前关于 SPA 在中国婴儿食品中的存在及其相关婴儿暴露的知识还很缺乏。在此，我们分析了来自中国的三种婴儿食品：婴儿配方奶粉、谷类食品和果泥，以广泛涵盖 11 种传统 SPA 和 19 种新型 SPA。除了 11 种传统 SPA 外，婴儿食品样本中还检测到多达 13 种新型 SPA。婴儿配方奶粉、谷类食品和果泥中新型 SPA 的中值浓度分别为 604、218 和 24.1ng/g，超过了传统 SPA（53.4、62.1 和 10.0ng/g）。样本中流行的 SPA 是丁基化羟基甲苯、2,4-二-叔丁基苯酚、季戊四醇四[3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯]（AO 1010）和十八烷基 3-(3,5-二-叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸酯（AO 1076）。来源分析表明，这四种 SPA 在婴儿食品中的流行与包装材料、机械加工或原料的污染有关。迁移实验表明，塑料包装的污染是一个重要的来源。暴露评估表明，婴儿食品中的 SPA 可能不会对健康造成明显的风险。即便如此，婴儿食品的消费仍然是婴儿接触 SPA 的主要途径，其贡献高于母乳消费、灰尘摄入、皮肤灰尘吸收和空气吸入，这需要特别关注。
