Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, Fujisawa, Japan.
Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2023 Jan;65(1):e12397. doi: 10.1002/1348-9585.12397.
This study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed work-family life support program on the work-family interface and mental health indicators among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren) using a randomized controlled trial with a waitlist.
Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or the control groups (n = 79 and n = 85, respectively). The program comprised two 3-h sessions with a 1-month interval between them and provided comprehensive skills by including self-management, couple management, and parenting management components. The program sessions were conducted on weekends in a community center room with 3-10 participants. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. Primary outcomes were work-family balance self-efficacy (WFBSE), four types of work-family spillovers (i.e., work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, work-to-family facilitation, and family-to-work facilitation), psychological distress, and work engagement reported by the participants.
The program had significantly pooled intervention effects on WFBSE (P = .031) and psychological distress (P = .014). The effect sizes (Cohen's d) were small, with values of 0.22 at the 1-month follow-up and 0.24 at the 3-month follow-up for WFBSE, and -0.36 at the 3-month follow-up for psychological distress. However, the program had nonsignificant pooled effects on four types of work-family spillovers and work engagement.
The program effectively increased WFBSE and decreased psychological distress among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren).
本研究采用随机对照试验（等待对照），检验了新开发的工作-家庭生活支持计划对有学龄前儿童的日本双职工夫妇工作-家庭界面和心理健康指标的有效性。
符合纳入标准的参与者被随机分配到干预组或对照组（n=79 和 n=85）。该计划包括两个 3 小时的课程，间隔一个月，通过包括自我管理、夫妻管理和育儿管理组件来提供全面的技能。课程在周末的社区中心房间进行，每个房间有 3-10 名参与者。在基线、1 个月和 3 个月的随访时评估结果。主要结果是工作-家庭平衡自我效能感（WFBSE）、四种类型的工作-家庭溢出（即工作-家庭冲突、家庭-工作冲突、工作-家庭促进、家庭-工作促进）、参与者报告的心理困扰和工作投入。
该计划对 WFBSE（P=0.031）和心理困扰（P=0.014）有显著的综合干预效应。效应大小（Cohen's d）较小，在 1 个月随访时为 0.22，在 3 个月随访时为 0.24，在 3 个月随访时为心理困扰的-0.36。然而，该计划对四种类型的工作-家庭溢出和工作投入没有显著的综合影响。
该计划有效地提高了有学龄前儿童的日本双职工夫妇的 WFBSE 并降低了他们的心理困扰。
