Department of Mental Health, The University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
J Occup Health. 2010;52(6):335-43. doi: 10.1539/joh.l9130. Epub 2010 Sep 30.
To examine the effects of multiple types of work-family spillover (work-to-family negative spillover, WFNS; family-to-work negative spillover, FWNS; and work-family positive spillover, WFPS) on psychological distress among Japanese dual-earner couples with preschool children.
2,346 parents completed questionnaires measuring work-family spillover, work- and family-specific variables (i.e., job demands and resources, family demands and resources), and psychological distress. A hierarchical multiple regression analysis was conducted by entering demographic characteristics (gender, age, age of the youngest child, and job contract) in step 1, job demands and resources in step 2, family demands and resources in step 3, work-family spillover in step 4, and three two-way interactions between types of work-family spillover and gender in the final step.
Both WFNS and FWNS were positively related to psychological distress after controlling for demographic characteristics and domain specific variables (i.e. job and family demands/resources), and FWNS (β=0.26) had a stronger relation with psychological distress than WFNS (β=0.16). Although WFPS was significantly and negatively related to psychological distress, the relationship was weak (β=-0.05). In addition, two-way interactions of WFNS and FWNS with gender were found; the impact of both WFNS and FWNS on psychological distress is stronger for females than for males. No significant interaction effect was observed between WFPS and gender.
In this study of Japanese dual-earner couples with preschool children, work-family negative spillover had a stronger relationship with psychological distress than positive spillover. Gender had a moderating effect on the relationship between negative spillover and psychological distress.
考察多种工作-家庭溢出（工作对家庭的负向溢出、WFNS；家庭对工作的负向溢出、FWNS；以及工作-家庭的正向溢出、WFPS）对有学龄前儿童的日籍双职工夫妇心理困扰的影响。
2346 名家长完成了测量工作-家庭溢出、工作和家庭特定变量（即工作需求和资源、家庭需求和资源）以及心理困扰的问卷。通过在步骤 1 中输入人口统计学特征（性别、年龄、最小孩子的年龄和工作合同），在步骤 2 中输入工作需求和资源，在步骤 3 中输入家庭需求和资源，在步骤 4 中输入工作-家庭溢出，以及在最后一步中输入三种工作-家庭溢出类型与性别之间的两个双向交互作用，进行分层多元回归分析。
在控制了人口统计学特征和特定领域变量（即工作和家庭需求/资源）后，WFNS 和 FWNS 均与心理困扰呈正相关，且 FWNS（β=0.26）与心理困扰的关系比 WFNS（β=0.16）更强。尽管 WFPS 与心理困扰呈显著负相关，但相关性较弱（β=-0.05）。此外，还发现了 WFNS 和 FWNS 与性别之间的双向交互作用；WFNS 和 FWNS 对女性心理困扰的影响比男性更强。WFPS 与性别之间未观察到显著的交互作用效应。
在这项针对有学龄前儿童的日籍双职工夫妇的研究中，工作-家庭负向溢出与心理困扰的关系比正向溢出更强。性别对负向溢出与心理困扰之间的关系具有调节作用。
